Copyright
©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Diabetes. Dec 15, 2016; 7(20): 572-598
Published online Dec 15, 2016. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i20.572
Published online Dec 15, 2016. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i20.572
Table 1 Current and previously Food and Drug Administration licenced anti-obesity pharmacotherapeutics
Drug | Mechanism | Year | Clinical use and limitations | Suspension reason |
Currently FDA licenced drugs | ||||
Diethylpropion | NA releasing agent | 1959 | FDA approved for short term use (3 mo); not recommended with uncontrolled hypertension or heart disease | - |
Phentermine | 1959 | FDA and EMA approved for long term use; treatment dependent weight loss | - | |
Orlistat (Xenical) | - | 1999 | - | |
Orlistat (Alli) | Pancreatic lipase inhibitor | 2007 | - | |
Phentermine-topamirate (Qysmia) | - | - | Approved for long term use; treatment dependent weight loss | - |
Lorcaserin (Belviq) | 5HT2c-R antagonist | 2012 | FDA approved for long term use, recommended in those with cardiovascular disease; treatment dependent weight loss | - |
Liraglutide (Saxenda) | GLP-1 analogue | 2014 | FDA and EMA (2015) approved | - |
Previously FDA licenced drugs | ||||
Dinitrophenol | Unknown | 1938 | - | Dermatitis, neuropathy, agranulocytosis, visual impairment, death |
Aminorex | Unknown | 1968 | - | Chronic pulmonary hypertension |
Amphetamines | Monoamine reuptake inhibitor | 1971 | - | Addiction, hypertension, myocardial toxicity |
Fenfluramine | Serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 1997 | - | Valvular heart disease |
Phenylpropanolamine | NA-R and DA-R agonist | 2000 | - | Haemorrhagic stroke |
Rimonabant | CB1R antagonist | 2009 | - | Psychiatric disorders, depression, suicidal ideation |
Sibutramine | Serotonin-NA reuptake inhibitor | 2010 | - | Risk of major cardiovascular events |
Table 2 Obesity and endocrine phenotypes in probands with PCSK1 gene deletion monogenic obesity
Ref. | Jackson et al[144], 1997 | Jackson et al[143], 2003 | Farooqi et al[148], 2007 | Frank et al[145], 2013 | Parker et al[147], 2013 | Bandsma et al[146], 2013 |
Obesity phenotype | ||||||
Hyperphagic, early-onset | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Endocrine phenotype | ||||||
Abnormal glucose metabolism | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
Hypocortisolaemia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Hypothyroidism | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
Central diabetes insipidus | Yes | |||||
Others | ||||||
Early onset malabsorptive diarrhoea | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
- Citation: Anandhakrishnan A, Korbonits M. Glucagon-like peptide 1 in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of clinical obesity. World J Diabetes 2016; 7(20): 572-598
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v7/i20/572.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v7.i20.572