Prediction of the effect on antihyperglycaemic action of sitagliptin by plasma active form glucagon-like peptide-1

Table 1 Patient characteristics (n = 76)

	Active GLP-1 low (n = 26)	Active GLP-1 mid (n = 25)	Active GLP-1 high (n = 25)	P value
Sex male/female (%)	82	88	88
Age (yr)	60.5 ± 13.7	63.8 ± 10.8	58.5 ± 15.3
Disease duration (yr)	16.2 ± 11.2	15.5 ± 10.8	12.7 ± 10.4
FPG (mg/dL)	161.1 ± 35.4	160.1 ± 41.6	160.7 ± 45.3
HbA1c (%)	7.43 ± 1.18	7.44 ± 0.66	7.61 ± 1.32
BMI (kg/m2)	22.3 ± 5.8	24.1 ± 10.7	26.8 ± 5.6	1
Sulfonylurea (%)	54	52	57
Biguanide (%)	45	52	76
Systolic BP (mmHg)	126.8 ± 17.5	133.9 ± 15.1	129.2 ± 17.8
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	74.5 ± 10.8	76.8 ± 13.6	78.0 ± 12.2
Proteinuria	8	22	21
γGTP (IU/L)	38.5 ± 34.3	45.9 ± 35.5	43.3 ± 27.5
AST (IU/L)	28.3 ± 34.0	22.9 ± 8.2	25.0 ± 10.0
ALT (IU/L)	36.0 ± 60.1	23.9 ± 15.8	32.2 ± 21.3
TC (mg/dL)	193.3 ± 29.6	214.3 ± 32.0	189.1 ± 26.0
HDLC (mg/dL)	57.0 ± 16.9	61.6 ± 16.0	51.9 ± 14.3
TG (mg/dL)	127.1 ± 66.3	133.4 ± 132.0	135.1 ± 68.5
LDLC (mg/dL)	109.8 ± 26.9	122.4 ± 36.5	110.0 ± 24.5
UA (mg/dL)	4.87 ± 0.98	5.22 ± 1.09	5.65 ± 1.27	1
Cr (mg/dL)	0.83 ± 0.23	0.77 ± 0.15	0.75 ± 0.16
eGFR (mL/min)	76.7 ± 21.3	78.8 ± 17.7	83.1 ± 19.3

Data is presented as mean ± SD, or %.

¹Mean statistical significance P < 0.05. GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; eGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; BMI: Body mass index; GTP: Guanosine triphosphate; HDLC: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLC: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST: Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; TG: Thyroglobulin; Cr: Chromium.

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with the efficacy of sitgliptin (dA1c ≥ 0.5%)

Variables	Univariate		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
GLP-1 not high group	4.50 (1.40-17.6)	0.01	5.72 (1.64-25.99)	0.01	4.93 (1.07-32.96)	0.04	7.66 (1.48-57.48)	0.01	8.04 (1.30-75.83)	0.02	5.83 (1.12-45.6)	0.04
HbA1c (%)	1.81 (1.32-2.6)	0.001	1.69 (1.03-3.02)	0.04	2.30 (1.11-5.63)	0.02	2.23 (1.02-5.59)	0.05	2.63 (1.19-6.88)	0.02	2.51 (1.04-7.05)	0.04
FPG (mg/dL)	1.01 (1.00-1.02)	0.003
Sex (male)	1.85 (0.73-4.65)	0.19			5.69 (0.73-57.54)	0.1	4.39 (0.51-47.1)	0.18	5.53 (0.46-92.72)	0.18	6.97 (0.78-90.5)	0.08
Age (yr)	1.00 (0.97-1.02)	0.77			0.98 (0.91-1.05)	0.53	0.96 (0.88-1.03)	0.26	0.99 (0.92-1.08)	0.89	0.97 (0.90-1.05)	0.48
Duration (yr)	1.03 (1.00-1.07)	0.09			1.01 (0.95-1.09)	0.73	1.01 (0.94-1.09)	0.77	1.03 (0.95-1.13)	0.44		0.67
BMI (kg/m2)	0.92 (0.83-0.99)	0.05			0.70 (0.50-0.91)	0.003	0.64 (0.43-0.86)	0.001	0.63 (0.39-0.90)	0.01	0.66 (0.43-0.92)	0.01
Sulfonylurea (+)	1.25 (0.63-2.46)	0.53					1.15 (0.22-6.13)	0.87
Biguanide (+)	2.83 (1.42-5.76)	0.003					0.18 (0.02-1.01)	0.05
Plasma insulin (μU/mL)	0.9 (0.82-0.98)	0.01							1.25 (0.94-1.69]	0.12
C peptide (ng/mL)	0.8 (0.55-1.11)	0.19
PI/IRI	1.33 (0.78-2.6)	0.29							4.94 (0.54-99.3)	0.17
Glcagon (pg/mL)	0.99 (0.97-1.00)	0.11							0.97 (0.18-4.63)	0.97
Log (hsCRP) [log (mg/mL)]	1.03 (0.53-1.98)	0.92							0.98 (0.94-1.01)	0.21
HOMA-β	0.97 (0.95-0.99)	0.01									1.02 (0.94-1.09)	0.67
HOMA-IR	0.83 (0.67-0.99)	0.004									0.98 (0.45-2.15)	0.96

GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; BMI: Body mass index; hsCRP: High sensitive C reactive protein; PI/IRI: Proinsulin/immunoreactivity insulin ratio.