Metabolic syndrome: A review of the role of vitamin D in mediating susceptibility and outcome

Table 1 Thresholds defining the metabolic syndrome issued by individual organisations

	WHO 1998 (Alberti 1998)	EGIR (Balkau 1999)	NCEP/ATP III 2001 (NCEP 2002)	AACE (2003) (Einhorn 2003)	IDF consensus 2005 (Zimmet 2005)	IDF consensus (10 to < 16 yr) (Zimmet 2007)
Definition	IGT, IFG, T2DM or lowered insulin sensitivity	Plasma insulin > 75th percentile	3 of the following	IGT or IFG plus any of the following based on clinical judgement	See below
	Plus 2 of the following	Plus 2 of the following
Europoid waist	W:H > 0.90 M	≥ 94 M	≥ 102 M	BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2	≥ 94 M	> 90th percentile
circumference (cm)	W:H > 0.85 F or BMI > 30 kg/m2	≥ 80 F	≥ 88 F		≥ 80 F or BMI > 30 kg/m2	Plus 2 of the following
					Plus 2 of the following
Triglyceride [mg/dL (mmol/L)]	> 150 (1.7)	> 150 (1.7)	≥ 150 (1.7)	> 150 (1.7)	> 150 (1.7)	≥ 150 (1.7)
HDL [mg/dL (mmol/L)]	< 35 (0.91) M	< 39 (0.91)	< 40 (1.03) M	< 40 (1.03) M	< 40 (1.03) M	< 40 (1.03)
	< 39 (1.01) F		< 50 (1.29) F	< 50 (1.29) F	< 50 (1.29) F
BP (mmHg)	≥ 140/90	≥ 140/90 or on treatment	≥ 130/85	≥ 130/85	SBP ≥ 130 or DBP ≥ 85 or on treatment	SBP ≥ 130 and/or DBP ≥ 85
Glucose [mg/dL (mmol/L)]	IGT, IFG or T2DM	IGT or IFG (but not diabetes)	≥ 100 (5.6) (Grundy) or diabetes	IGT or IFG (but not diabetes)	≥ 100 (5.6)	≥ 100 (5.6) or known T2DM
Others	Microalbuminuria ACR > 30 mg/g			Other features of IR1

¹Includes polycystic ovary syndrome, family history or ethnic group susceptible to type 2 diabetes, sedentary lifestyle and advancing age. ACR: Albumin creatinine ration; BMI: Body mass index; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; F: Female; IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance; IR: Insulin resistance; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; M: Male; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; W:H: Waist to hip ratio; WHO: World Health Organization; HDL: High density lipoprotein; IDF: International Diabetes Federation; EGIR: European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance; NCEP: National Cholesterol Education Program; AACE: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; BP: Blood pressure; IR: Insulin resistance.