Endothelial dysfunction as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes

Table 1 Studies on Flow-Mediated Dilatation and Nitroglycerin Mediated Dilation in patients with type 1 diabetes

Ref.	n	Age	Time	Micro-albuminuria	HbA1c	FMD		NTG
						Type 1 diabetes	Non-diabetes	Type 1 diabetes	Non-diabetes
Clarkson et al[36]	80	15-40	13	6%	9.5	5.8 ± 3.7a	9.3 ± 3.8	15.6 ± 5.6a	19.7 ± 6.6
Lambert et al[37]	52	32	15	No	7.9	12.9 ± 9.8	17.3 ± 9.9	14.3 ± 8.0	17.7 ± 8.7
Enderle et al[38]	17	41.5	21	No	8.0	8.2 ± 4.6	7.6 ± 4.2	16.3 ± 4.9	18.4 ± 6.4
Lekakis et al[35]	31	32	NO: 13MA: 20	Yes	N: 6.5M: 7.1	NO: 5.8 ± 7a MA: 0.7 ± 2.5a	11.0 ± 7-	NO: 19.0 ± 6.9aMA: 15.0 ± 2.9a	24.0 ± 9.0
Dogra et al[34]	34	NO: 44MA: 48	NO: 20MA: 25	Yes	8.5-8.7	NO: 5.4 ± 0.6a MA: 3.2 ± 0.3a	7.9 ± 0.6-	MA: 11.9 ± 1.1a	20.0 ± 1.2
Singh et al[33]	31	15	7	No	8.6	4.2 ± 3.8a	8.2 ± 4.2	17.0 ± 6.0	18.0 ± 6.0
Järvisalo et al[4]	45	11	4	No	8.9	4.4 ± 3.4a	8.7 ± 3.3	-	-
Ladeia et al[39]	18	13	3	80%	9.3	10.9 ± 2.0	11.2 ± 2.4	-	-
Cé et al[5]	57	17	7	No	8.6	9.5 ± 6.5a	14.6 ± 5.6	22.3 ± 9.8a	29.3 ± 4.2

Age: Mean age in years; Time: Time of T1DM (in years); HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c (%); NO: Normoalbuminuria; MA: Microalbuminuria; FMD: Flow-Mediated Dilatation; NTG: Nitroglycerin Mediated Dilation.

^aP < 0.05 vs controls.