Endothelial and platelet markers in diabetes mellitus type 2

Table 1 The most important endothelial markers of diabetes mellitus type 2 with the method used for their detection

Endothelial markers	Method of detection	Normal values
PAI-1 antigen	ELISA	5-40 ng/mL
TAFI antigen	ELISA	5.8-10.0 μg/mL (100-172 nmol/L)
t-TFPI antigen	EIA	70 (40-110) ng/mL
f-TFPI (men)	EIA	16 ± 4 ng/mL
f-TFPI (women)	EIA	16 ± 3 ng/mL
TM antigen	EIA	10-50 ng/mL
tPA antigen	ELISA	1-20 ng/mL
vWF antigen	EIA	Less than 1.4 IU/mL (140%)

EIA: Enzyme immunoassay; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PAI-1: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; TAFI: Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor; f-TFPI: Free tissue factor pathway inhibitor; t-TFPI: Total tissue factor pathway inhibitor; TM: Thrombomodulin; tPA: Tissue plasminogen activator; vWF: Von Willebrand factor.

Table 2 The most important platelet markers of diabetes mellitus type 2 with the method used for their detection

Platelet markers	Method of detection	Normal values
βTG	EIA/RIA	Less than 40 ng/mL
GPV	EIA	80 (40-160) ng/mL
MPV	Electric impedance or laser diffraction	6.5 (4.5-8.5) fl
PF4	EIA/RIA	Less than 10 ng/mL
TSP-1	EIA	40 (10-90) ng/mL, respectively 20-300 ng/mL

βTG: Beta-thromboglobulin; EIA: Enzyme immunoassay; GPV: Glycoprotein V; MPV: Mean platelet volume; PF4: Platelet factor 4; RIA: Radioimmunoassay; TSP-1: Thrombospondin 1.