Glycaemic control, treatment satisfaction and quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients in Greece: The PANORAMA study Greek results

Table 1 Demographic and anthropometric data in the Greek PANORAMA study population

	n (%)
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	63.5 (± 10.0)
Gender (males)	183 (48.9)
Physical activity
None	84 (22.5)
Light (less than 1 time/wk)	214 (57.2)
Intense (1 to 2 times/wk)	48 (12.8)
Intense (3 or more times/wk)	28 (7.5)
Body massindex
Normal (18.5-25 kg/m2)	66 (17.6)
Overweight (25-30 kg/m2)	148 (39.6)
Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2)	160 (42.8)
Smoking status
Never smoker	205 (54.8)
Former smoker	87 (23.3)
Current smoker	82 (21.9)
Alcohol consumption (units per week)
Males	2.1 (3.3)
Females	0.6 (1.6)

Table 2 Disease characteristics in Greek PANORAMA study population

	mean ± SD
Average duration of type 2 diabetes in years (n = 375)	9.7 (± 8.8)
Duration of type 2 diabetes	n (%)
< 5 yr	137 (36.5)
≥ 5 yr	238 (63.5)
Years on insulin treatment, (n = 82, yr, mean ± SD)	4.8 (± 7.2)

Table 3 Microvascular and macrovascular complications in Greek PANORAMA study population

	n (%)
Microvascular complications
Any complication	101 (26.9)
Chronic diabetic polyneuropathy-Asymptomatic	33 (8.8)
Chronic diabetic polyneuropathy-Symptomatic	29 (7.7)
Autonomic neuropathy	6 (1.6)
Diabetic retinopathy	27 (7.2)
Diabetic nephropathy	49 (13.1)
Diabetic nephropathy-Microalbuminuria	32 (8.5)
Diabetic nephropathy-Proteinuria	12 (3.2)
Diabetic nephropathy-Renal insufficiency	9 (2.4)
Diabetic nephropathy-Dialysis	0 (0)
Macrovascular complications
Any complication	91 (24.0)
Coronary heart disease	70 (18.7)
Cerebrovascular disease	10 (2.7)
Peripheral artery disease	21 (6.6)

Table 4 Diabetes treatment regimens in the PANORAMA study population

Treatment regimen	n (%)
No diet, no orals, no injectables (no available data)	10 (2.7)
Only diet and/or exercise	20 (5.3)
Only OADs	244 (65.1)
On oral plus insulin	63 (16.8)
Only on insulin	28 (7.5)
On GLP-1 analogues ± insulin1	10 (2.7)
Oral hypoglycaemic agents	316 (84.3)
Sylphonylureas	121 (32.3)
Meglitinides/Glinides	12 (3.2)
Biguanides	275 (73.3)
Thiazolidinediones	41 (10.9)
DPP-4 inhibitors	94 (25.1)
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors	13 (3.5)
Fixed-dose combinations	46 (12.3)
Thiazolidinediones + metformin	3 (6.5)
DPP4 inhibitors + metformin	43 (93.5)

¹One patient receiving a GLP-1 analogue and insulin was classified in the latter category making the total number of patients 91 when the number should have been 92. OAD: Oral anti-diabetes drugs.

Table 5 Glycaemic control in the Greek PANORAMA study population

Glycaemic control	n (%)
HbA1c value at index visit (mean ± SD)	6.7 (± 1.0) (50 mmol/mol)
HbA1c value at index visit
< 6.5% (47 mmol/mol)	179 (47.9)
≥ 6.5% (47 mmol/mol)	195 (52.1)
< 7.0% (53 mmol/mol)	251 (67.1)
≥ 7.0% (53 mmol/mol)	123 (32.9)

Table 6 Physicians’ perceptions on reasons for not reaching HbA1c target

Reasons	n (%)
Therapeutic failure of current drug regimen	52 (13.9)
Poor patient adherence to diet and exercise	148 (39.5)
Poor patient adherence to self-monitoring of blood glucose levels	44 (11.7)
Poor patient adherence to recommendations	26 (6.9)
Resistance/reluctance of the patient to intensify his/her medication regimen	46 (12.3)
Reluctance of physician to intensify medication regimen	3 (0.8)
Reluctance of physician to intensify medication regimen-Fear of hypoglycaemia	44 (11.7)
Reluctance of physician to intensify medication regimen-Fear of unwanted side effects	14 (3.7)
Reluctance of physician to intensify medication regimen-Fear of interaction with other medications	6 (1.6)
Reluctance of physician to intensify medication regimen-Cost of treatment	9 (2.4)
Reluctance of physician to intensify medication regimen-Fear of additional weight gain	13 (3.5)

Table 7 Actions taken by the physicians to reach HbA1c target

Actions taken	n (%)
No specific actions	45 (12.0)
Educational approach	160 (42.7)
Increase dose of current medication	103 (27.5)
Addition of new oral antihyperglycaemic medication
Sylphonylureas	8 (2.1)
Meglitinides/Glinides	4 (1.1)
Biguanides	5 (1.3)
Thiazolidinediones	3 (0.8)
DPP-4 inhibitors	13 (3.5)
Combination treatment	9 (2.4)
Start insulin therapy without changing oral diabetes medication	9 (2.4)
Start insulin therapy changing oral diabetes medication	14 (3.7)
Other action	9 (2.4)

Table 8 Blood pressure and lipid profile: Percentage of patients who meet AACE criteria for target blood pressure and lipid levels

	n (%)
Hypertension
SBP/DBP < 130/80 mmHg	113 (30.2)
Triglycerides
< 150 mg/dL (1.6935 mmol/L)	221 (59.6)
LDL-C
< 100 mg/dL (2.586 mmol/L)	160 (44.2)
HDL-C
> 40 mg/dL (1.0344 mmol/L)	278 (75.7)

AACE: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, AACE guidelines 2010[35]; SBP/DBP: Systolic Blood Pressure/ Diastolic Blood Pressure; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein-cholesterol.