Adiponectin: Probe of the molecular paradigm associating diabetes and obesity

Table 1 Vascular complications in type 2 diabetes

Microvascular complications prevalence	Macrovascular complications prevalence
Retinopathy 23.7%	Cardiovascular disease 11.4%
Background 20.0%	Peripheral vascular disease 4.0%
Proliferative 3.7%	Cerebrovascular accidents 0.9%
Nephropathy 5.5%	Hypertension 38.0%
Peri-neuropathy 27.5%

Table 2 List of SNPs found in the genes of adiponectin pathway in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disorders (coursey to http://www.genecards.org/ for providing the information regarding SNP loacation)

Ref.	Gene	SL No.	Location	Variation	SNP ID
Blech et al[96]	PPARγ	1	Intron 1	Pro12Ala	rs1801282
Blech et al[96]; Ramya et al[81]	ADIPOQ	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9	5’ flanking region Intron 1 Intron 1 Intron 1 Exon 1 coding synonymous Intron 1 Intron 1 5’ flanking region Exon 3 splicing enhancers	−11365 C/G -4522 C/T -3971 A/G +276 G/T +45 T/G +349 A/G +712 G/A -11391 G/A Y111H T/C	rs266729 rs822393 rs822396 rs1501299 rs2241766 rs2241767 rs3774261 rs17300539 rs17366743
Wang et al[97]	ADIPOR1	1 2 3 4	Intron 1 Intron 1 Intron 1 5’ transcription factor binding site	+5646 A/G +5843 A/G -101 T/G -8503C/T	rs1342386 rs1342387 rs2275737 rs6666089
Vaxillaire et al[98]	ADIPOR2	1 2 3 4 5 6	Exon 3 splicing enhancers Intron 1 5’ flanking region Intron 1 Intron 1 Intron 1	+33371 C/T +26314 A/G -64241 T/G +8645 G/C +14645 A/T -35361 G/A	rs12342 rs767870 rs1029629 rs1468491 rs4766415 rs10773982
Thameem et al[99]	eNOS/NOS3	1 2	Exon 3 splicing enhancers Intron 1	Glu298Asp -786 T/C	rs1799983 rs2070744
Zhang et al[100]	NF-kB	1	5’ flanking region	-94 insertion/deletion	rs28362491
Rees et al[101]	PEPCK	1	5’ flanking region	-232C/G	rs2071023
Jang et al[82] and Ferreira et al[83]	Apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5)	1	5’ flanking region	-1131T/C	rs662799
Ol et al[102]	COX-2	1	5’ flanking region	-765G/C	rs20417
Ho et al[103]	IL4	1	5’ flanking region	-590 C/T	rs2243250

IL-6: Interleukin 6; AdipoR: Adiponectin receptors; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; PPARγ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; COX2: Cyclooxygenase 2; NF-kβ: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells.