Effects of exercise training on mitochondrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 1 Effect of endurance training on maximal oxygen uptake, mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity

Ref.	Subjects	Training	Duration	VO2max	Mito	IS
Mogensen et al[81]	T2DM and CON	ET	10 wk (2-3 times/wk)	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM
				↑ CON	↑ CON	↑ CON
Hey-Mogensen et al[8]	T2DM and CON	ET	10 wk (4-5 times/wk)	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM
				↑ CON	↑ CON	↑ CON
Phielix et al[17]	T2DM and CON	ET and ST	12 wk (3 times/wk)	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM
				→ CON	↑ CON	→ CON
Meex et al[27]	T2DM and CON	ET and ST	12 wk (3 times/wk)	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM
				↑ CON	↑ CON	→ CON
Shaw et al[83]	T2DM	ET	6 mo (3 times/wk)	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM	→ T2DM
Sparks et al[31]	T2DM and	ET	9 mo (150 min/wk)	→ T2DM	→ T2DM	→ T2DM
Bajpeyi et al[32]	T2DM and CON (L and O)	ET	10 d (every day)	ND	→ T2DM	ND
					→ CON (L and O)
Nielsen et al[84]	T2DM and CON	ET	10 wk (4-5 times/wk)	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM	↑ T2DM
				↑ CON	↑ CON	↑ CON

CON: Control participants; ET: Endurance training; IS: Insulin sensitivity [or surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity (HbA1c, HOMA)]; L: Lean; O: Obese; VO_2max: Maximal oxygen uptake; Mito: Mitochondrial function (mitochondrial respiratory capacity, mitochondrial content); ND: Not determined; T2DM: Patients with type 2 diabetes.

Table 2 Effect of strength training on maximal oxygen uptake, mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity

Ref.	Subjects	Training	Duration	VO2max	Mito	IS
Holten et al[30]		ST (one leg)	6 wk (3 times/wk)	ND	→ T2DM	↑ T2DM
					↑ CON	↑ CON
Sparks et al[31]	T2DM	ST	9 mo (3 times/wk)	→ T2DM	↑ T2DM	→ T2DM

CON: Control participants; IS: Insulin sensitivity [or surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity (HbA1c, HOMA)]; VO_2max: Maximal oxygen uptake; Mito: Mitochondrial function (mitochondrial respiratory capacity, mitochondrial content); ND: Not determined; ST: Strength training; T2DM: Patients with type 2 diabetes.