Structured SMBG in early management of T2DM: Contributions from the St Carlos study

Table 1 Targets of glycemic control

	IDF	AAEC	ADA	St Carlos study
HbA1c (%)	< 6.5	≤ 6.5	< 7.0	< 6.5%
Fasting/preprandial glycemia (mmol/L-mg/dL)	< 6.0/< 110	< 6.0/70-110	3.9-7.2/70-130	< 6.0/< 110
2-h postprandial glycemia (mmol/L-mg/dL)	< 7.8/< 140	< 7.8/< 140	< 10.0/< 180	< 7.9/< 145

IDF: International Diabetes Federation; AACE: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ADA: American Diabetes Association.

Table 2 Frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose

	Breakfast		Lunch		Dinner		Night	Periodicity
	Before	After 2 h	Before	After 2 h	Before	After 2 h
At the onset of T2DM	a	a	a	a	a	a		2-3 d/wk
Suboptimal control of T2DM	a	a	a	a	a	a		2-3 d/wk
T2DM targets in	a	a	a		a			1 d every 7-14 d
Insulin-treated T2DM in the adjustment phase	a	a	a	a	a	a	Each 3 risk profiles	Daily
Insulin-treated T2DM in the education programs	a	a	a	a	a	a	Each 3 risk profiles	Daily
Insulin-treated	a	a	a	a	a	a	Each 3 risk profiles	2-3 d/wk
T2DM targets in GDM	a	a	a	a	a	a		Daily

^aSpecific time of day in which self-monitoring of blood glucose should be performed. T2DM: Diabetes mellitus type 2; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus.

Table 3 Nutrition and activity score

	Score
	+1	0	-1
Physical activity
Walking daily (> 5 d/wk)	> 1 h	At least 30 min	< 30 min
Climbing stairs (No. floors/d, > 5 d/wk)	> 16	4-16	< 4
At least 30 min of more than moderate intensity	> 3 d/wk	2 or 3 d/wk	< 2 d/wk
Servings per week
Vegetables	> 12	6-12	< 6
Fruits (pieces)	> 12	6-12	< 6
Nuts	> 3	1-3	< 1
Olive oil	Daily	> 3 d	< 3 d
High-fat fish or Iberico ham	> 3	1-3	< 1
Bread and cereals (high fiber content)	> 6	3-6	< 3
Legumes	> 2	1-2	< 1
Low-fat milk and cheeses	> 6	3-6	< 3
Red meat	< 3	3-6	> 6
Sauces (except mayonnaise)	< 2	2-4	> 4
Juices and sugar-sweetened beverages	< 2	2-4	> 4
Cookies	< 2	2-4	> 4
Coffee	> 3/d	< 3	> 4
Alcoholic beverages (No. servings⁄d)	1-4	0 or > 4 and < 6	> 6
Water	Exclusively	In addition to other beverages	Never