Effect of hypolipidemic treatment on glycemic profile in patients with mixed dyslipidemia

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients who completed the study

	Switch to the highest dose of rosuvastatin	Add-on-statin ER-NA/LRPT	Add-on-statin micronised fenofibrate	P
Sex (males/females)	32 (17/15)	26 (14/12)	32 (16/16)	NS
Age (yr)	62 ± 10	58 ± 14	59 ± 12	NS
Hypertension	17 (53)	14 (54)	16 (50)	NS
Diabetes mellitus	6 (19)	6 (23)	6 (19)	NS
Metabolic syndrome1	17 (53)	15 (58)	18 (56)	NS
Smoking	10 (31)	9 (35)	9 (28)	NS
BMI (kg/m2)	29.1 ± 2.5	29.1 ± 3.1	28.8 ± 3.2	NS
TC				NS
(mg/dL)	205 ± 40	200 ± 42	200 ± 37
(mmol/L)	5.5 ± 1	5.2 ± 1.1	5.2 ± 1
Triglycerides				NS
(mg/dL)	190 (173-210)	213 (190-254)	218 (189-260)
(mmol/L)	2.2 (2.0-2.4)	2.4 (2.2-2.9)	2.5 (2.1-2.9)
HDL-C				NS
(mg/dL)	50 ± 10	47 ± 11	45 ± 9
(mmol/L)	1.3 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.2
LDL-C				NS
(mg/dL)	116 ± 40	109 ± 35	112 ± 32
(mmol/L)	3.2 ± 1.0	2.9 ± 0.9	2.9 ± 0.8
Non-HDL-C				NS
(mg/dL)	155 ± 40	153 ± 37	155 ± 34
(mmol/L)	4.0 ± 1.0	4.0 ± 1.0	4.0 ± 0.9
Fasting plasma glucose				NS
(mg/dL)	91 ± 26	93 ± 17	94 ± 10
(mmol/L)	5.1 ± 1.4	5.2 ± 0.9	5.2 ± 0.6
HbA1c (%)	6.1 ± 0.5	6.3 ± 1.1	6.1 ± 0.8	NS
HOMA-IR index	1.4 1.2-2.1	1.5 1.4-2.1	1.7 1.5-2.3	NS
Medications at baseline
Aspirin	9 (28)	8 (31)	7 (22)	NS
Beta blockers	9 (28)	8 (31)	9 (28)	NS
HCTZ	11 (34)	10 (38)	10 (31)	NS
ACEIs/ARBs	13 (41)	11 (42)	12 (38)	NS
Calcium channel blockers	8 (24)	8 (31)	10 (31)	NS
Metformin	6 (19)	6 (23)	5 (16)	NS
Pioglitazone	2 (7)	1 (4)	3 (9)	NS
Sulfonylurea	4 (13)	3 (12)	2 (6)	NS
Atorvastatin 5-20 mg/d	11 (34)	9 (35)	12 (38)	NS
Simvastatin 10-40 mg/d	11 (34)	9 (35)	9 (28)	NS
Rosuvastatin 5-10 mg/d	10 (31)	8 (31)	11 (34)	NS

Values are expressed as absolute mean ± SD [except for triglycerides and HOMA-IR index which are expressed as median (range)] or numbers (percentage).

¹Participants who fulfilled 3 or more of the American Heart Association (AHA) criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference > 102 cm in men, > 88 cm in women, fasting serum triglycerides > 150 mg/dL, HDL-C < 40 mg/dL in men, < 50 mg/dL in women, blood pressure > 130/85 mm Hg, fasting serum glucose > 100 mg/dL). ACEIs: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ApoB: Apolipoprotein B; ARBs: Angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI: Body mass index; ER-NA/LRPT: Extended release nicotinic acid/laropiprant; HCTZ: Hydrochlorothiazide; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR IR index: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; NS: Non significant; TC: Total cholesterol.

Table 2 Laboratory parameters at baseline and 3 mo later

	Baseline	3 mo	Percentage change
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L)
Switch to the highest dose rosuvastatin	91 ± 26 (5.1 ± 1.4)	95 ± 19 (5.3 ± 1.1)	4%b
Add-on-statin ER-NA/LRPT	93 ± 17 (5.2 ± 0.9)	102 ± 27 (5.7 ± 1.5)	10%bdf
Add-on-statin fenofibrate	94 ± 10 (5.2 ± 0.6)	94 ± 11 (5.2 ± 0.6)	0%
HbA1c, %
Switch to the highest dose rosuvastatin	6.1 ± 0.5	6.3 ± 0.5	0.2%b
Add-on-statin ER-NA/LRPT	6.3 ± 1.1	6.6 ± 1.2	0.3%bdf
Add-on-statin fenofibrate	6.1 ± 0.8	6.2 ± 1.0	0.10%
HOMA-IR index
Switch to the highest dose rosuvastatin	1.4 (1.2-2.1)	1.6 (1.5-2.6)	14%bf
Add-on-statin ER-NA/LRPT	1.5 (1.4-2.1)	2.5 (1.5-2.8)	65%bdf
Add-on-statin fenofibrate	1.7 (1.5-2.3)	1.6 (1.4-2.2)	-6%b

Values are expressed as mean ± SD [except for fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR index which are expressed as median (range)]. No significant differences in baseline data were found across groups.

^bP < 0.01 vs baseline;

^dP < 0.01 vs switch to the highest dose rosuvastatin group;

^fP < 0.01 vs add-on-statin fenofibrate group. ER-NA/LRPT: Extended release nicotinic acid/laropiprant; HOMA-IR index: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin.