Negative association between trunk fat, insulin resistance and skeleton in obese women

doi:10.4239/wjd.v4.i2.31

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Apr 15, 2013 (publication date) through Jan 1, 2025

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Apr 15, 2013; 4(2): 31-39
Published online Apr 15, 2013. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i2.31

Table 1 Baseline demographics of the study population (mean ± SD)

Characteristics	n = 340
Mean age (yr)	44.8 ± 14
BMI (kg/m²)	36 ± 5.9
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	196 ± 41
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	49 ± 11
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	120 ± 68
HOMA-IR	4.7 ± 3
SHBG (nmol/L)	42 ± 58.5
PTH (pg/mL)	45 ± 21
Leptin (nmol/L)	75 ± 30
Vitamin D	20.5 ± 9.8
17β-estradiol	70 ± 54

BMI: Body mass index; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; Vitamin D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; SHBG: Sex hormone binding globulin.

Table 2 Biochemical and hormonal characteristics of the study population according to different body mass index

	BMI < 30 kg/m²	BMI 30-35 kg/m²	BMI 35-40 kg/m²	BMI > 40 kg/m²
	(n = 80)	(n = 100)	(n = 80)	(n = 80)
BMI	27 ± 1.2	32.5 ± 1^b	37 ± 1.5^b	44 ± 2^b
Mean age (yr)	46.5 ± 15	45 ± 14	46 ± 13	43 ± 14
Total-cholesterol (mg/dL)	199 ± 54	198 ± 41	204 ± 40	190 ± 32
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	52 ± 13	50 ± 11	50 ± 10	46 ± 10
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	114 ± 79	117 ± 61	130 ± 72	122 ± 68
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)	346 ± 102	341 ± 63	368 ± 85	421 ± 86^b
C-reactive protein (ng/mL)	2 ± 0.9	2.8 ± 0.9	5.0 ± 1.4^b	5.5 ± 2.1^b
HOMA-IR	2.8 ± 0.9	3.1 ± 0.8	5.0 ± 2.6^b	6.4 ± 2.2^b
PTH (pg/mL)	40 ± 15	42 ± 20	46 ± 23	48 ± 19
Vitamin D	26 ± 9	20 ± 10^b	16 ± 8^b	15 ± 10^b

^bP < 0.01 vs BMI < 30 kg/m². BMI: Body mass index; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; Vitamin D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; HDL: High-density lipoprotein.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis showing that vitamin D is the only parameter that is independently associated with trunk fat percentage

Unstandardized coefficients¹			Standardized coefficients¹
Model	B	SE	Beta	t	P value
1 (constant)	52.054	8.498		6.125	0.000
Lumbar BMD	6.570	8.121	0.167	0.809	0.437
Hip BMD	-9.971	7.687	-0.259	-1.029	0.224
Vitamin D	-0.359	0.077	-1.029	-4.666	0.001
Osteocalcin	0.134	0.111	0.255	1.208	0.255
IGF-1	-0.002	0.014	-0.022	-0.114	0.916

¹Dependent variable of trunk fat. IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1; BMD: Bone mineral density.

Citation: Greco EA, Francomano D, Fornari R, Marocco C, Lubrano C, Papa V, Wannenes F, Di Luigi L, Donini LM, Lenzi A, Aversa A, Migliaccio S. Negative association between trunk fat, insulin resistance and skeleton in obese women. World J Diabetes 2013; 4(2): 31-39
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v4/i2/31.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v4.i2.31