Complications of continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion with an implantable pump

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients starting continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion n (%)

	All patients	Implantation date
	2000-2011 (n = 56)	2000-2007 (n = 37)	2007-2011 (n = 19)
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	37.6 ± 14.5	38.0 ± 14.4	36.6 ± 15.1
Female sex	38 (68)	28 (76)	10 (53)
Smokers	12 (21.4)	7 (18.9)	5 (26.3)
Previous abdominal operation	9 (16.1)	7 (18.9)	2 (10.5)
BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2)	25.4 ± 4.4	26.3 ± 4.2	23.7 ± 4.3
Duration of diabetes (yr), median (IQR)	16.7 (9.7-26.3)	15.9 (9.8-26.8)	19.1 (9.6-26.3)
Retinopathy	13 (23.2)	9 (24.3)	4 (21.1)
Neuropathy	17 (30.4)	12 (32.4)	5 (26.3)
Nephropathy	4 (7.1)	3 (8.0)	1 (5.3)

BMI: Body mass index; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Complications of continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion during follow-up

	All patients		Implantation date
	2000-2011 (n = 56)		2000-2007 (n = 37)		2007-2011 (n = 19)
	n (%)	Per 100 PY	n (%)	Per 100 PY	n (%)	Per 100 PY
Haematoma	3 (4.3)	1.1	2 (3.8)	0.9	1 (5.9)	1.8
Infection	7 (10.0)	2.5	4 (7.5)	1.8	3 (17.6)	5.3
Pain	11 (15.7)	3.9	8 (15.1)	3.5	3 (17.6)	5.3
Cutaneous erosion	2 (2.9)	0.7	2 (3.8)	0.9	0 (0.0)	0.0
Dislocation	3 (4.3)	1.1	2 (3.8)	0.9	1 (5.9)	1.8
Hardware failure	0 (0.0)	0.0	0 (0.0)	0.0	0 (0.0)	0.0
Premature battery end of life	0 (0.0)	0.0	0 (0.0)	0.0	0 (0.0)	0.0
Insulin aggregate	4 (5.7)	1.4	4 (7.5)	1.8	0 (0.0)	0.0
Catheter occlusion	23 (32.9)	8.1	16 (30.2)	7.1	7 (41.2)	12.3
Encapsulation of the catheter tip	3 (4.3)	1.1	3 (5.7)	1.3	0 (0.0)	0.0
Peritonitis	1 (1.4)	0.4	1 (1.9)	0.4	0 (0.0)	0.0
Pump dysfunction	12 (17.1)	4.2	111 (20.8)	4.9	11 (5.9)	1.8
Other	1 (1.4)	0.4	0 (0.0)	0.0	1 (5.9)	1.8
All	70 (100.0)	24.8	53 (100.0)	23.5	17 (100.0)	29.9

¹P = 0.04. PY: Patient years.

Table 3 Re-operations because of complications of continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion during follow-up

	All patients		Implantation date
	2000-2011 (n = 56)		2000-2007 (n = 37)		2007-2011 (n = 19)
	n (%)	Per 100 PY	n (%)	Per 100 PY	n (%)	Per 100 PY
Catheter inspection	2 (4.0)	0.7	2 (5.3)	0.9	0 (0.0)	0.0
Catheter replacement	13 (26.0)	4.6	8 (21.1)	3.5	5 (41.7)	8.8
Explantation of pump and catheter	17 (34.0)	6.0	151 (39.5)	6.6	21 (16.7)	3.5
Repositioning of pump	2 (4.0)	0.7	2 (5.3)	0.9	0 (0.0)	0.0
Fixation of pump	2 (4.0)	0.7	1 (2.6)	0.4	1 (8.3)	1.8
Cutaneous problem	0 (0.0)	0.0	0 (0.0)	0.0	0 (0.0)	0.0
Intra-abdominal problem	1 (2.0)	0.4	1 (2.6)	0.4	0 (0.0)	0.0
Remove clot at tip of catheter/flush catheter	7 (14.0)	2.5	4 (10.5)	1.8	3 (25.0)	5.3
Haematoma	1 (2.0)	0.4	1 (2.6)	0.4	0 (0.0)	0.0
Reposition of catheter	3 (6.0)	1.1	3 (7.9)	1.3	0 (0.0)	0.0
Infection	2 (4.0)	0.7	1 (2.6)	1.2	1 (8.3)	1.8
All	50 (100.0)	17.7	38 (100.0)	44.3	12 (100.0)	21.1

¹P = 0.02. PY: Patient years.