Autologous platelet rich gel in treatment of lower limb atherosclerotic occlusive disease in diabetic patients

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants, n (%)

Variables	Intervention group (APRG)	Control group (SC)	P valuea
Age (years)	64.99 ± 15.31	64.79 ± 12.23	0.930
Female	31 (21.7)	33 (22)	0.417
Male	39 (26)	47 (31)
Weight (kg)	81.66 ± 15.6	80.27 ± 11.6	0.531
BMI (kg/m²)	27.89 ± 3.1	27.86 ± 4.1	0.981
Alcohol intake	9 (13)	5 (6.5)	0.145
Cigarettes	12 (8.1)	13 (8.7)	0.661
Physical activity (total MET)	35.21 ± 4.1	38.12 ± 4.1	0.156
SES
Low	34 (22)	45 (30)	0.221
Moderate	30 (20)	33 (22)
High	2 (2)	6 (4)
Duration of diabetes (years)	6.27 ± 0.41	6.3 ± 0.46	0.980
Medical adherence	7.99 ± 0.31	7.79 ± 0.24	0.855
Drugs
Insulin	17 (11)	15 (10)	0.250
Statins	65 (43)	78 (52)
Antihypertensive medications	35 (22.4)	46 (3.5)

^aP value < 0.05 typically indicates significance. A P value indicates the statistical significance of differences between groups.

SES: Socioeconomic status; APRG: Autologous platelet-rich gel; SC: Standard care; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of biochemical parameters between groups

Parameters	Intervention group (APRG)	Control group (SC)	P value
HbA1c (%)	7.93 ± 0.34	7.93 ± 0.41	0.985
TG (mg/dL)	171.91 ± 57.15	154.58 ± 37.52	0.028
LDL (mg/dL)	150.02 ± 27.70	147.51 ± 27.98	0.580
TC (mg/dL)	177.52 ± 27.70	175.01 ± 27.98	0.156
HDL (mg/dL)	44.25 ± 9.01	44.28 ± 6.88	0.983
FBS (mg/dL)	146.67 ± 40.12	141.00 ± 31.49	0.334
FBS after 12 weeks (mg/dL)	166.52 ± 7.18	166.56 ± 8.71	0.984
SBP (mmHg)	129.77 ± 18.24	124.49 ± 20.94	0.104
DBP (mmHg)	79.94 ± 9.42	78.38 ± 10.14	0.081
Hs CRP (mg/dL)	3.23 ± 3.09	3.17 ± 2.26	0.980
Cr (mg/dL)	1.07 ± 0.95	1.19 ± 0.97	0.444
Hb (g/dL)	12.94 ± 13.34	12.68 ± 9.78	0.892
Alb (g/dL)	4.2.1 ± 0.31	4.15 ± 0.78	0.895

HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; TG: Triglycerides; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; Hs CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Cr: Creatinine; Hb: Hemoglobin; Alb: Albumin; ABI: Ankle-brachial index; APRG: Autologous platelet-rich gel; SC: Standard care.

Table 3 Baseline measurements of atherosclerotic variables

Variables	Intervention group (APRG)	Control group (SC)	P value
Pain score	6.44 ± 0.34	6.44 ± 0.41	0.982
ABI	0.56 ± 0.55	0.55 ± 0.64	0.896
Walking distance (m)	109.53 ± 11.73	110.96 ± 15.66	0.531
Claudication severity	2.34 ± 1.62	2.33 ± 1.56	0.869
Wound healing rate (%)	32.23 ± 14.03	33.02 ± 12.85	0.723
Flow value (mL/minute)	24.75 ± 3.42	24.76 ± 4.15	0.880

All biochemical parameters are represented as mean ± SD. ABI: Ankle-brachial index; APRG: Autologous platelet-rich gel; SC: Standard care.

Table 4 Follow up measurements of atherosclerotic variables and outcomes

Variables	Intervention group (APRG)	Control group (SC)	P value
Pain score	4.32 ± 0.98	4.64 ± 0.41	0.009
ABI	0.83 ± 0.66	0.73 ± 0.64	0.325
Walking distance (m)	321.49 ± 55.04	301.25 ± 43.95	0.013
Claudication severity	1.60 ± 1.58	2.12 ± 1.63	0.049
Wound healing rate (%)	82.78 ± 112.02	57.10 ± 18.23	0.046
Flow value (mL/minute)	29.28 ± 3.91	26.97 ± 6.20	0.008
Patient satisfaction with treatment	8.5 ± 1.9	7.1 ± 1.20	0.045

ABI: Ankle-brachial index; APRG: Autologous platelet-rich gel; SC: Standard care.