Endoplasmic reticulum stress and forkhead box protein O1 inhibition mediate palmitic acid and high glucose-induced β-cell dedifferentiation

Table 1 Summary statistics for read filtering and mapping

Sample	Total raw reads (M)	Total clean reads (M)	Total clean bases (Gb)	Clean reads Q20 (%)	Clean reads Q30 (%)	Clean reads ratio (%)
Control_1	23.62	22.29	1.11	98.99	95.71	94.37
Control_2	23.62	22.47	1.12	99.04	96.06	95.12
Control_3	25.78	23.71	1.19	98.94	95.78	91.98
Glu + PA_1	23.62	22.38	1.12	98.96	95.59	94.76
Glu + PA_2	23.63	22.36	1.12	98.95	95.9	94.64
Glu + PA_3	23.64	22.33	1.12	98.87	95.56	94.45
Glu + PA + AS_1	23.64	22.37	1.12	98.9	95.38	94.65
Glu + PA + AS_2	23.64	22.36	1.12	98.96	95.61	94.61
Glu + PA + AS_3	23.62	22.36	1.12	98.89	95.27	94.67

M: Megabases; Gb: Gigabases; Glu: Glucose; PA: Palmitic acid; AS: AS1842856.

Table 2 Top 20 pathways mapping to differentially expressed genes shared by glucose + palmitic acid vs control and glucose + palmitic acid + AS1842856 vs control

Pathway terms	Categories	Genes
MAPK signaling pathway	Signal transduction	Relb, Ddit3, Fgfr3, Tgfb2, Dnah12, Csf1, Ntrk2, Bdnf, Rasgrf1, Fgf21, Tnf, Atf4, Efna1, Ins2, Jund, Cacnb1, Jun, Myc, Ntrk1, Fgf22, LOC108348082, Prkcg, LOC108348108, Cacna2d4, Fgfr4, Pla2g4e, Igf1r
Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells	Cellular community-eukaryotes	Esrrb, Fgfr3, Acvr1c, Bmpr1b, Pik3cb, Wnt10b, Id2, Wnt7a, Wnt4, Inhbe, Wnt9a, Myc, Onecut1, Id1, Fgfr4, Fzd6, Igf1r
TNF signaling pathway	Signal transduction	Cxcl1, Ccl20, Pik3cb, Csf1, Creb5, Cxcl10, Nfkbia, Tnf, Atf4, Tnfaip3, Cx3cl1, Jun, Icam1, LOC108348082
Protein digestion and absorption	Digestive system	Slc3a2, Col6a6, Col5a3, Mep1a, Col12a1, Kcnk5, Col3a1, Slc6a19, Col5a2, Col27a1, Dpp10, Slc16a10, Slc1a5
Axon guidance	Development	Robo2, Sema3c, Bmpr1b, Epha1, Pik3cb, Unc5d, Epha7, Epha4, Ephb4, Ntn1, Ntn4, Efna1, Wnt4, Ablim2, Dcc, Ptch1, Sema6a, Unc5b
One carbon pool by folate	Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins	Mtr, Aldh1L2, LOC100910688, Mthfd1 L, Mthfd2
cAMP signaling pathway	Signal transduction	Cngb3, Pld1, Pde3a, Pik3cb, Bdnf, Adcy1, Adcyap1r1, Creb5, Atp2b4, Tiam1, Nfkbia, Jun, Ppara, Ptch1, Cngb1, Gipr, Npy, Gpr119
mTOR signaling pathway	Signal transduction	Slc3a2, Ddit4, Rnf152, Pik3cb, Wnt10b, Eif4e2, Tnf, Wnt7a, Wnt4, Ins2, Wnt9a, Prkcg, Sgk1, Fzd6, Igf1r
Arginine and proline metabolism	Amino acid metabolism	Gatm, Pycr1, Ckmt1, Arg1, Aldh4a1, Azin2, Maob, Odc1
Insulin secretion	Endocrine system	Cckar, Adcy1, Kcnj11, Adcyap1r1, Creb5, Atf4, Pdx1, Ins2, Prkcg, Gpr119
Adipocytokine signaling pathway	Endocrine system	Ppargc1a, Prkcq, G6pc, Nfkbia, Tnf, Ppara, Irs3, Npy, Rxrg
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction	Signaling molecules and interaction	Cxcl1, Ltb, Ccl20, Tnfrsf21, Tgfb2, Acvr1c, Bmpr1b, Cntfr, Csf1, Cxcl11, Cxcl10, Tnf, Thpo, Cx3cl1, Inhbe, Cxcl16, Il9r, Il12rb1, Il2rb, Il17re, Ackr3
TGF-beta signaling pathway	Signal transduction	Tgfb2, Acvr1c, Bmpr1b, Tgif1, Id2, Tnf, Inhbe, Myc, Id1, Chrd
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	Amino acid metabolism	Gatm, Agxt2, Psat1, Sds, Maob, Psph
Chemokine signaling pathway	Immune system	Cxcl1, Grk5, Ccl20, Pik3cb, Adcy1, Cxcl11, Tiam1, Cxcl10, Nfkbia, Shc4, Cx3cl1, Lyn, Cxcl16, Elmo1, Gng8
IL-17 signaling pathway	Immune system	Cxcl1, Mapk15, Ccl20, Cxcl10, Nfkbia, Tnf, Tnfaip3, Jund, Jun, Il17re
Apoptosis	Cell growth and death	Ddit3, Pik3cb, Ctsz, Nfkbia, Tnf, Atf4, Ern1, Jun, Ctss, Endog, Ntrk1, Hrk, Casp6
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway	Signal transduction	Fgfr3, Ddit4, Col6a6, Vwf, Pik3cb, Csf1, Ntrk2, Bdnf, Creb5, Fgf21, G6pc, Eif4e2, Atf4, Efna1, Ins2, Spp1, Myc, Ntrk1, Fgf22, Gng8, Il2rb, Fgfr4, Sgk1, Ppp2r5b, Igf1r
Ras signaling pathway	Signal transduction	Pld1, Fgfr3, Pik3cb, Csf1, Ntrk2, Bdnf, Rasgrf1, Fgf21, Tiam1, Shc4, Efna1, Ins2, Ntrk1, Fgf22, Gng8, Prkcg, Fgfr4, Pla2g4e, Igf1r
Longevity regulating pathway	Aging	Ppargc1a, Pik3cb, Adcy1, Creb5, Eif4e2, Atf4, Ins2, Irs3, Igf1r