Coronary imaging characteristics and risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronary heart disease complication

Table 1 General data and laboratory test indicators, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristic	Control group (n = 48)	Observation group (n = 55)	χ2/t value	P value
Age (years)	61.21 ± 10.21	65.20 ± 9.96	2.006	0.048
Sex			0.173	0.677
Male	29 (60.42)	31 (56.36)
Female	19 (39.58)	24 (43.64)
History of smoking and drinking			0.109	0.741
With	26 (54.17)	28 (50.91)
Without	22 (45.83)	27 (49.09)
Family history of coronary heart disease			2.746	0.098
With	15 (31.25)	26 (47.27)
Without	33 (68.75)	29 (52.73)
BMI (mmol/L)	23.15 ± 2.69	24.09 ± 2.74	1.752	0.083
FBG (mmol/L)	10.58 ± 2.87	14.72 ± 3.92	6.038	0.000
TG (mmol/L)	2.09 ± 0.79	2.41 ± 0.82	2.015	0.047
TC (mmol/L)	5.82 ± 1.08	6.18 ± 1.12	1.655	0.101
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.13 ± 0.52	1.24 ± 0.48	1.116	0.267
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.98 ± 0.57	3.22 ± 0.63	2.017	0.046
SCr (μmol/L)	62.77 ± 10.87	63.76 ± 11.25	0.453	0.652
BUN (mmol/L)	5.49 ± 1.14	6.05 ± 1.58	2.035	0.044
ALT (U/L)	25.88 ± 5.92	27.71 ± 6.31	1.511	0.134
AST (U/L)	24.72 ± 6.74	25.41 ± 6.17	0.542	0.589

BMI: Body mass index; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SCr: Serum creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.

Table 2 Comparison of coronary imaging characteristics between control and observation group, n (%)

Characteristic	Control group (n = 48)	Observation group (n = 55)	χ2 value	P value
Diffuse lesion			15.420	0.000
With	12 (25.00)	35 (63.64)
Without	36 (75.00)	20 (36.36)
Degree of stenosis			6.399	0.041
Moderate	24 (50.00)	15 (27.27)
Severe	13 (27.08)	17 (30.91)
Occlusion	11 (22.92)	23 (41.82)

Table 3 Comparison of stenosis index between control and observation group, mean ± SD

Characteristic	Control group (n = 48)	Observation group (n = 55)	t value	P value
RCA stenosis index	2.57 ± 1.07	3.98 ± 1.05	6.730	0.000
LCX stenosis index	2.09 ± 1.12	3.37 ± 1.14	5.738	0.000
LAD stenosis index	3.38 ± 1.32	3.59 ± 1.08	0.890	0.376
LMT stenosis index	1.05 ± 0.41	0.97 ± 0.33	1.096	0.275
Total stenosis index	9.09 ± 2.12	11.91 ± 1.94	7.049	0.000

RCA: Right coronary artery; LMT: Left main trunk; LAD: Left anterior descending artery; LCX: Circumflex coronary artery.

Table 4 Comparison of coronary imaging characteristics in males and females, n (%)

Characteristic	Male (n = 60)	Female (n = 43)	χ2 value	P value
Diffuse lesion			1.837	0.175
With	24 (40.00)	23 (53.49)
Without	36 (60.00)	20 (46.51)
Degree of stenosis			2.898	0.235
Moderate	23 (38.33)	16 (37.21)
Severe	14 (23.33)	16 (37.21)
Occlusion	23 (38.33)	11 (25.58)

Table 5 Comparison of stenosis index in males and females, mean ± SD

Characteristic	Male (n = 60)	Female (n = 43)	t value	P value
RCA stenosis index	3.28 ± 1.31	3.39 ± 1.22	0.432	0.666
LCX stenosis index	2.91 ± 1.31	2.59 ± 1.27	1.238	0.219
LAD stenosis index	3.45 ± 1.13	3.55 ± 1.29	0.417	0.677
LMT stenosis index	1.01 ± 0.36	1.00 ± 0.39	0.134	0.894
Total stenosis index	10.64 ± 2.48	10.53 ± 2.47	0.222	0.825

RCA: Right coronary artery; LMT: Left main trunk; LAD: Left anterior descending artery; LCX: Circumflex coronary artery.

Table 6 Comparison of hypoglycemic treatment history and glycosylated hemoglobin levels between control and observation group, n (%)

Characteristic	Control group (n = 48)	Observation group (n = 55)	χ2 value	P value
Metformin treatment			5.073	0.024
With	29 (60.42)	21 (38.18)
Without	19 (39.58)	34 (61.82)
HbA1c			6.980	0.008
> 7.0%	13 (27.08)	29 (52.73)
≤ 7.0%	35 (72.92)	26 (47.27)

HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.

Table 7 Univariate logistic regression analysis

Characteristic	B	SE	Wals	df	OR	95%CI	P value
Age	0.040	0.021	3.807	1	1.041	1.000-1.084	0.051
FBG	0.368	0.081	20.418	1	1.444	1.231-1.694	0.000
TG	0.506	0.259	3.826	1	1.658	0.999-2.752	0.050
LDL-C	0.673	0.343	3.853	1	1.959	1.001-3.835	0.050
BUN	0.294	0.148	3.926	1	1.342	1.003-1.794	0.048
Metformin (with vs without)	-0.905	0.405	4.989	1	0.405	0.183-0.895	0.026
HbA1c (> 7.0% vs ≤ 7.0%)	1.100	0.422	6.776	1	3.003	1.312-6.872	0.009

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglyceride; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.

Table 8 Multivariate logistic analysis

Characteristic	B	SE	Wals	df	OR	95%CI	P value
FBG	0.386	0.090	18.533	1	1.472	1.234-1.755	0.000
BUN	0.311	0.185	2.824	1	1.365	0.950-1.963	0.093
Metformin (with vs without)	-1.050	0.510	4.231	1	0.350	0.129-0.952	0.040
HbA1c (> 7.0% vs ≤ 7.0%)	1.162	0.522	4.953	1	3.197	1.149-8.896	0.026

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.