Evaluating the effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted wound debridement in managing diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the study

Ref.	Year	Diabetes type	Wagner grade	Ulcer duration	Control intervention	Intervention measures
Xu et al[17]	2019	NA	0-3	≥ 2 weeks	Standard treatment + conventional debridement	Standard treatment + ultrasound debridement (daily)
Lin et al[16]	2017	NA	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Standard treatment + conventional debridement	Standard treatment + ultrasound debridement (daily)
Xu et al[19]	2016	Type 1/2	2 or 3	≥ 2 weeks	Standard treatment + conventional debridement	Standard treatment + ultrasound debridement
Lu et al[20]	2014	NA	0-3	≥ 2 weeks	Standard treatment + conventional debridement	Standard treatment + ultrasound debridement (daily/every other day)
Amini et al[10]	2013	Type 1/2	0-3	≥ 4 weeks	Standard treatment	Standard treatment + low-frequency ultrasound debridement
Cao et al[21]	2010	Type 1/2	0-3	≥ 2 weeks	Standard treatment + conventional debridement	Standard treatment + ultrasound debridement (daily, 30-60 seconds)
Ye et al[18]	2009	Type 2	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Surgical debridement	Ultrasound debridement (daily/every other day)

Standard treatment encompasses glycemic control, anti-infection measures, circulation improvement, lipid reduction, and intensified control of blood glucose and lipids. NA: Not available.