Clinically significant changes in anal sphincter hiatal area in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and pelvic organ prolapse

Table 1 Comparison of general information between the two groups of patients (mean ± SD)

Group	Height (cm)	Age (years)	Weight (kg)	Primiparas (cases)	Multiparas (cases)	Pregnant once (cases)	Pregnant ≥ 2 times (cases)	Weight gain during pregnancy (kg)
POP group (n = 52)	163.74 ± 6.11	28.28 ± 3.15	59.88 ± 8.41	39	13	35	17	20.05 ± 2.78
Non-POP group (n = 52)	165.39 ± 6.53	28.36 ± 2.64	58.44 ± 9.59	36	16	37	15	19.98 ± 2.59

In the comparison of two groups, P > 0.05. POP: Pelvic organ prolapse.

Table 2 Comparison of levator ani muscle’s hiatus area, anteroposterior diameter, and lateral diameter between two groups of pelvic organ prolapse patients, mean ± SD

Group	Number	LH area (cm²)	LH anteroposterior diameter (cm)	LH lateral diameter (cm)
POP group	52	14.94 ± 1.58	6.69 ± 0.72	4.18 ± 0.56
Non-POP group	52	13.65 ± 0.97	5.15 ± 0.45	4.04 ± 0.17

LH: Levator ani muscle’s hiatus; POP: Pelvic organ prolapse.

Table 3 Pelvic organ prolapse quantification staging, anteroposterior diameter, and lateral diameter, mean ± SD

POP-Q stage	Number	LH area (cm²)	LH anteroposterior diameter (cm)	LH lateral diameter (cm)
I	35	14.58 ± 0.54	5.86 ± 0.41	3.57 ± 0.55
II	8	15.73 ± 0.50	6.86 ± 0.62	4.28 ± 0.23
III	7	16.23 ± 0.29	7.23 ± 0.18	4.75 ± 0.11
IV	0	0	0	0

LH: Levator ani muscle’s hiatus; POP-Q: Pelvic organ prolapse quantification.

Table 4 Incidence of macrosomia and stress urinary incontinence in two groups of pelvic organ prolapse patients, n (%)

Group	Number	Macrosomia	Stress urinary incontinence	Pelvic floor muscle weakness
POP group	52	23 (44.23)	47 (90.38)	35 (67.31)
Non-POP Group	52	27 (52.93)	45 (86.54)	26 (50.00)

Comparison between the two groups, P > 0.05. POP: Pelvic organ prolapse.

Table 5 Multifactorial logistic regression analysis

Factor	β	SE	Wald statistic	95%CI
Age	3.005	0.570	4.698	1.542-14.399
Weight	2.819	0.799	6.112	1.778-40.774
Parity (number of births)	1.052	0.501	3.301	1.737-4.721
Gravidity (number of pregnancies)	2.318	0.452	3.686	2.467-3.741
Gestational weight gain	1.401	0.672	3.500	3.418-3.895