Disparate outcomes in Hispanic patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes: Large cohort study

Table 1 Demographic and outcome information from four patient cohorts pre- and post-propensity score matching (Hispanic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis United States, non-Hispanic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis United States, Hispanic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis University of Texas Medical Branch, non-Hispanic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis University of Texas Medical Branch), n (%)

Variable	HMUS (n = 17052)	NHMUS (n = 130692)	HMUS (n = 17052)	NHMUS (n = 17050)	HMUT (n = 4100)	NHMUT (n = 11160)	HMUT (n = 4100)	NHMUT (n = 4100)
Age (yr), mean ± SD	47.2 ± 19.0	56.5 ± 15.1	47.2 ± 19.0	47.2 ± 18.9	45.8 ± 16.9	52.6 ± 17.0	45.8 ± 16.9	45.8 ± 16.9
Sex
Male	6889 (40.4)	57116 (43.7)	6888 (40.4)	6815 (40.0)	1670 (40.8)	5060 (45.4)	1670 (40.7)	1670 (40.7)
Female	10163 (59.6)	73576 (56.3)	10161 (59.6)	10235 (60.0)	2430 (59.4)	6100 (54.7)	2430 (59.3)	2430 (59.3)
Ethnicity
Hispanic/Latino	17052 (100)	0 (0)	17052 (100)	0 (0)	4100 (100)	0 (0)	4100 (100)	0 (0)
Not Hispanic/Latino	0 (0)	130692 (100)	0 (0)	17050 (100)	0 (0)	11160 (100)	0 (0)	4100 (100)
HCC (ICD-10: C22.0)	586 (3.4)	3174 (2.4)	586 (3.4)	263 (1.5)	30 (0.7)	60 (0.5)	30 (0.7)	30 (0.7)
T2DM (ICD-10: E11)	5943 (34.9)	45312 (34.7)	5943 (34.9)	4894 (28.7)	2040 (49.9)	5850 (52.5)	2040 (49.9)	1940 (47.4)
Fibrosis/cirrhosis of the liver (ICD-10: K74)	4284 (25.1)	33338 (25.5)	4284 (25.1)	3446 (20.2)	410 (10.0)	970 (8.7)	410 (10.0)	310 (7.6)
All-cause mortality (ICD-10: R99)	215 (1.3)	1245 (1.0)	215 (1.3)	146 (0.9)	220 (5.4)	460 (4.1)	220 (5.4)	160 (3.9)

HMUS: Hispanic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis United States; NHMUS: Non-Hispanic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis United States; HMUT: Hispanic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis University of Texas Medical Branch; NHMUT: Non-Hispanic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis University of Texas Medical Branch; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; ICD: International Classification of Diseases.

Table 2 Risk analyses of primary outcomes between Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic/Latino metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis patients in United States and University of Texas Medical Branch cohorts

Outcomes	Risk ratio	95%CI	P value
All-cause mortality (R99.0)
United States cohort	0.924	0.868-0.983	0.013
UTMB cohort	1.000	0.749-1.335	1.000
HCC (C22.0)
United States cohort	2.183	1.964-2.426	< 0.001
UTMB cohort	4.010	2.008-8.007	< 0.001
T2DM (E11)
United States cohort	1.169	1.139-1.200	< 0.001
UTMB cohort	1.066	1.027-1.106	0.001
Fibrosis/cirrhosis of the liver (K74)
United States cohort	1.117	1.084-1.151	< 0.001
UTMB cohort	1.388	1.207-1.596	< 0.001

All results, including rates of hepatocellular carcinoma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and all-cause mortality were significant with the exception of all-cause mortality in the University of Texas Medical Branch cohort alone. UTMB: University of Texas Medical Branch; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.