Age-specific differences in the association between prediabetes and cardiovascular diseases in China: A national cross-sectional study

Table 1 Characteristics of participants, n (%)

	Younger group	Older group	P value
Total	1751 (25.20)	5197 (74.80)
Men	744 (42.49)	3035 (58.40)	0.015
Smoking	402 (22.96)	2204 (42.41)	0.001
Alcohol drinking	412 (23.53)	2328 (44.80)	0.009
Regular physical activity	424 (24.21)	2385 (45.89)	< 0.001
Family history of CVD	277 (15.82)	1133 (21.80)	0.173
Antihypertensive drugs	81 (4.63)	346 (6.66)	0.155
Dyslipidemia	84 (4.80)	249 (4.79)	< 0.001
Lipid-lowering drugs	13 (0.74)	87 (1.67)	0.007
BMI (kg/m2, 95%CI)	25.0 (24.6-25.3)	24.9 (24.7-25.1)	0.688
WC (cm, 95%CI)	83.2 (82.0-84.4)	84.8 (84.2-85.3)	0.021
FPG (mmol/L, 95%CI)	5.6 (5.5-5.6)	5.5 (5.5-5.6)	0.586
PG2h (mmol/L, 95%CI)	8.2 (8.1-8.3)	8.6 (8.5-8.6)	< 0.001
TC (mmol/L, 95%CI)	4.8 (4.7-4.9)	5.0 (5.0-5.1)	< 0.001
TG (mmol/L, 95%CI)	1.9 (1.7-2.0)	1.9 (1.8-1.9)	0.985
HDL-c (mmol/L, 95%CI)	1.3 (1.2-1.3)	1.3 (1.3-1.3)	0.029
LDL-c (mmol/L, 95%CI)	2.7 (2.6-2.8)	2.9 (2.9-3.0)	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg, 95%CI)	120.0 (118.9-121.2)	131.9 (130.7-133.1)	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg, 95%CI)	79.1 (78.2-79.9)	81.2 (80.5-82.0)	< 0.001
Abnormal ECG (%)	366 (20.90)	2358 (45.37)	< 0.001
Prediabetes category
IFG (%)	357 (20.39)	1447 (27.84)	< 0.001
IGT (%)	1394 (79.61)	3750 (72.16)	< 0.001
CVD (%)	5 (0.29)	148 (2.85)	0.003

CVD: Cardiovascular disease; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; HR: Heart rate; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; PG2h: 2 h post-load plasma glucose; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL-c: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; ECG: Electrocardiography; IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.

Table 2 Prevalence of metabolic syndrome components according to age groups, n (%)

	Younger group	Older group	P value
Central obesity	636 (36.32)	4575 (88.03)	< 0.001
High glucose	1751 (100.00)	5197 (100.00)	-
High blood pressure	532 (30.38)	2959 (56.94)	< 0.001
High TG	708 (40.43)	2280 (43.87)	0.334
Low HDL-c	367 (20.96)	1161 (22.32)	0.500

TG: Triglycerides; HDL-c: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Table 3 Comparing the absolute 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease between the two methods across different age groups, n (%)

	Younger group (n = 1746)	Older group (n = 5049)	Total (n = 6795)	P value
China-PAR
Low (< 5%)	1552 (88.89)	3540 (70.11)	5092	< 0.001
Intermediate (5%-10%)	127 (7.27)	575 (11.39)	702	< 0.001
High (> 10%)	67 (3.84)	934 (18.50)	1001	< 0.001
FRS
Low (< 10%)	1717 (98.34)	3928 (77.80)	5645	< 0.001
Intermediate (10%-20%)	27 (1.55)	904 (17.90)	931	< 0.001
High (> 20%)	2 (0.11)	217 (4.30)	219	< 0.001

CVD: Cardiovascular disease; China-PAR: Prediction for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in China; FRS: Framingham risk score.

Table 4 Consistency analysis of the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease absolute risk as predicted by the two models

FRS	China-PAR			Total
	Low risk	Intermediate risk	High risk
Low risk	4923	492	230	5645
Intermediate risk	147	205	579	931
High risk	22	5	192	219
Total	5092	702	1001	6795

FRS: Framingham risk score; China-PAR: Prediction for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in China.