Prediabetes: An overlooked risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in atrial fibrillation patients

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of atrial fibrillation-related hospitalizations with and without prediabetes (%)

Variable	Prediabetes	No prediabetes	P value
N	47505	2918370
Age (yr)	75 (67-82)	78 (68-85)	< 0.001
Male sex	56.3	51.4	< 0.001
Race/ethnicity			< 0.001
White	75.5	84
Black	9.8	7.9
Hispanic	7.3	4
API	4.7	1.6
Comorbidities
Hypertension (uncomplicated)	34.6	31.3	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia	64.7	48.7	< 0.001
Smoking	10.5	10.2	0.033
Obesity	29.9	14.6	< 0.001
Drug abuse	2.5	2.1	< 0.001
Prior myocardial infarction	10.8	9.6	< 0.001
PVD	20.2	12.7	< 0.001
Hypothyroidism	18.1	20.4	< 0.001
Outcomes
Discharge disposition
Routine	51.1	43.1	< 0.001
Home health care	23.6	21	< 0.001
Total charges (USD), Median	41155	41276	< 0.001

API: Asian or Pacific Islanders; PVD: Peripheral vascular disease.

Table 2 Association between prediabetes and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation and by subgroups (sex and race)

Outcome	Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI)	P value
MACCE	1.34 (1.26-1.42)	< 0.001
All-cause mortality	0.62 (0.55-0.71)	< 0.001
Cardiac arrest including ventricular fibrillation	0.85 (0.072-0.99)	0.043
Stroke	1.69 (1.55-1.84)	< 0.001
Subgroup	Adjusted odds ratios of MACCE (95%CI)	P value
Sex
Male	1.43 (1.33-1.54)	< 0.001
Female	1.22 (1.11-1.33)	< 0.001
Race/ethnicity
White	1.33 (1.24-1.42)	< 0.001
Black	1.21 (1.03-1.44)	< 0.001
Hispanic	1.43 (1.18-1.74)	< 0.001
API	1.36 (1.00-1.85)	0.05

Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events included all-cause mortality, cardiac arrest and stroke. In the multivariable regression analysis, the following covariates were adjusted for: Age at admission, sex, race, median household income quartile, payer status, type of admission, hospital bed size, location/teaching status, region, and relevant cardiac and extra cardiac comorbidities and prior history of myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting venous thromboembolism. API: Asian or Pacific Islanders; MACCE: Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.