Advances in cardiovascular-related biomarkers to predict diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Table 1 Biomarkers for diabetic neuropathy mentioned in this review

Biomarker candidate	Sample source	Quantitative method	Role in human body	Change	Ref.
hs-cTnT	Human serum/plasma	ECLI	A marker of myocardial injury	Increased	[27,28]
BNP/NT-proBNP	Human serum/plasma	CLIA	Exclude the diagnosis of left ventricular heart failure	Increased	[29-32,35]
hs-CRP	Human serum	ELISA/LEITA	A nonspecific inflammatory marker that can predict the early myocardial damage	Increased	[39-42]
MPO	Human serum	ELISA	An inflammatory factor in coronary artery disease	Increased	[47]
Hcy	Human plasma	FPIA/CLIA	Induction of vascular oxidative stress and endothelial cell damage	Increased	[51-53]

hs-cTnT: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP: N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; Hcy: Homocysteine; ECLI: Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay; CLIA: Chemiluminescence analysis; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; LEITA: Latex-enhanced immunonephelometric assay; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; FPIA: Fluorescence polarization immunoassay.