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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2023; 14(7): 1103-1111
Published online Jul 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1103
Published online Jul 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1103
Table 1 General information of the three groups (mean ± SD)
Group | Age (yr) | Sex (M/F) | Duration of illness (yr) | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
NDR (n = 68) | 57.71 ± 7.18 | 37/31 | 4.21 ± 0.81 | 117.47 ± 19.38 | 76.05 ± 9.48 |
NPDR (n = 54) | 58.00 ± 8.93 | 29/25 | 6.22 ± 1.26 | 118.32 ± 16.02 | 75.34 ± 11.91 |
PDR (n = 58) | 56.59 ± 7.12 | 31/37 | 8.12 ± 1.47 | 111.33 ± 18.09 | 75.69 ± 7.96 |
F/χ2 value | 0.534 | 0.013 | 169.133 | 2.606 | 0.178 |
P value | 0.587 | 0.994 | < 0.001 | 0.078 | 0.836 |
Table 2 Clinical indicators among the groups (mean ± SD)
Group | HbA1c (%) | FPG (mmol/L) | TC (mmol/L) | TG (mmol/L) | LDL-C (mmol/L) | HDL-C (mmol/L) |
NDR (n = 68) | 8.01 ± 1.86 | 8.60 ± 1.96 | 4.86 ± 0.98 | 1.68 ± 0.21 | 2.61 ± 0.42 | 1.15 ± 0.22 |
NPDR (n = 54) | 9.14 ± 2.12 | 8.55 ± 1.94 | 4.42 ± 0.75 | 1.69 ± 0.27 | 2.62 ± 0.41 | 1.24 ± 0.20 |
PDR (n = 58) | 10.28 ± 2.66 | 8.92 ± 2.16 | 4.55 ± 0.84 | 1.77 ± 0.29 | 2.74 ± 0.54 | 1.22 ± 0.27 |
F value | 15.385 | 0.572 | 0.319 | 2.216 | 1.476 | 1.073 |
P value | < 0.001 | 0.565 | 0.726 | 0.112 | 0.231 | 0.344 |
Table 3 Comparison of microalbumin, microalbumin/urinary creatinine, urinary creatinine, β2 microglobulin and retinol binding protein levels in each group (mean ± SD)
Group | mALB (mg/L) | mALB/U-CR (mg/mmoL) | U-CR (μmol/L) | β2MG (mg/L) | RBP (μg/L) |
NDR (n = 68) | 15.04 ± 1.94 | 2.19 ± 0.86 | 6.86 ± 1.67 | 2.28 ± 0.66 | 12.29 ± 2.82 |
NPDR (n = 54) | 65.69 ± 7.30 | 3.29 ± 1.26 | 19.97 ± 5.81 | 3.13 ± 0.84 | 21.58 ± 4.83 |
PDR (n = 58) | 170.29 ± 11.63 | 5.09 ± 1.02 | 33.35 ± 11.45 | 4.53 ± 0.97 | 36.78 ± 7.84 |
F value | 147.103 | 121.668 | 206.027 | 117.619 | 69.460 |
P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Table 4 Multiple linear regression analysis of risk factors associated with the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Independent variable | B value | SE | β value | t value | P value |
Course of disease | 1.203 | 0.293 | 0.220 | 4.106 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c | 0.942 | 0.192 | 0.755 | 4.906 | < 0.001 |
mALB | 0.874 | 0.128 | 0.256 | 6.828 | < 0.001 |
mALB/U-CR | 0.743 | 0.284 | 0.525 | 6.959 | < 0.001 |
U-CR | 0.842 | 0.121 | 0.254 | 6.959 | < 0.001 |
β2MG | 1.048 | 0.123 | 0.157 | 8.520 | < 0.001 |
RBP | 1.262 | 0.184 | 0.215 | 3.271 | < 0.001 |
Table 5 Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis of glycated hemoglobin A1c, microalbumin, microalbumin /urinary creatinine, urinary creatinine, β2 microglobulin, retinol binding protein for predicting proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Item | Cut-off | Standard error | AUC | 95%CI | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) |
mALB | 56.84 mg/L | 0.040 | 0.641 | 0.530-0.688 | 68. 82 | 71.24 |
mALB/U-CR | 2.45 mg/mmoL | 0.046 | 0.726 | 0.728-0.876 | 70.38 | 73.85 |
U-CR | 25.96 μmol/L | 0.004 | 0.757 | 0.508-0.722 | 72.49 | 75.58 |
β2MG | 3.18 mg/L | 0.027 | 0.748 | 0.637-0.882 | 76.84 | 79.84 |
RBP | 26.58 μg/L | 0.036 | 0.807 | 0.637-0.882 | 82.48 | 79.38 |
HbA1c | 9.05% | 0.043 | 0.710 | 0.638-0.775 | 72.41 | 63.11 |
Combination | - | 0.017 | 0.958 | 0.917-0.982 | 94.83 | 96.72 |
- Citation: Song JJ, Han XF, Chen JF, Liu KM. Correlation between glycated hemoglobin A1c, urinary microalbumin, urinary creatinine, β2 microglobulin, retinol binding protein and diabetic retinopathy. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(7): 1103-1111
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v14/i7/1103.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1103