Effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine decoction for diabetic gastroparesis: A network meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in this network meta-analysis

	Study	Year	Country	Sample size		Gender(M/F)	Mean age (yr)		Course of disease(yr)		Intervention		Treatment time (mo)	Outcome
				EG	CG		EG	CG	EG	CG	EG	CG
1	Zhu and Mei[46]	2022	China	61	61	68/54	63.08	62.76	4.62 ± 1.08	4.35 ± 1.21	BXXD + WM	WM	1	ab
2	Zhang and Huo [47]	2021	China	63	62	72/53	61.25	60.25	0.3-7	0.5-6	BXXD + WM	WM	1	bcd
3	Tan[48]	2021	China	36	36	37/35	58.06	55.72	-	-	BXXD	WM	3	abcde
4	Zhang and Yang[49]	2020	China	42	42	47/37	56.18	57.21	3.01 ± 1.25	2.94 ± 1.37	BXXD	WM	1	a
5	Li et al[50]	2020	China	31	31	32/30	55.4	57.7	11.7 ± 1.6	10.9 ± 3.9	BXXD + WM	WM	3	abf
6	Gao[51]	2020	China	40	40	42/38	57.04	56.96	4.65 ± 1.38	4.39 ± 1.64	BXXD + WM	WM	1	af
7	Wang[52]	2019	China	40	40	47/33	58.5	59.9	-	-	BXXD	WM	1	acf
8	Fan[53]	2019	China	84	84	96/72	61.3	58.7	2.7 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.8	BXXD	WM	1	a
9	Zhou et al[54]	2018	China	35	35	41/29	45.99	45.92	3.68 ± 0.43	3.54 ± 0.36	BXXD	WM	1	abde
10	Wang et al[55]	2018	China	46	44	41/49	45.21	45.11	2.67 ± 0.77	2.62 ± 0.75	BXXD + WM	WM	1	abi
11	Liu[56]	2018	China	25	25	21/29	51.5	51.4	8.2 ± 1.4	8.1 ± 1.5	BXXD + WM	WM	1	af
12	Han et al[57]	2018	China	29	29	31/27	52.7	52.10	3.26 ± 1.83	3.04 ± 1.50	BXXD + WM	WM	1	a
13	Wang[58]	2016	China	44	43	53/34	48.1	47.6	-	-	BXXD + WM	WM	1	afi
14	Zhao and Zhang[59]	2014	China	30	30	30/30	51.49	48.6	3-14	0.3-14	BXXD + WM	WM	1	ade
15	Lu and Xu[60]	2014	China	30	31	32/29	54.16	53.79	-	-	BXXD	WM	0.5	cg
16	Zhang and Fu[61]	2013	China	38	38	39/37	58.4	59.7	2.6 ± 1.8	2.8 ± 1.7	BXXD	WM	1	ag
17	Li[62]	2013	China	22	20	23/19	54.2	56.9	1.13 ± 0.51	0.16-1.6	BXXD	WM	1	afi
18	Wang[63]	2011	China	30	26	33/23	54.5	53.8	6.3 ± 2.5	6.8 ± 3.6	BXXD	WM	1	ab
19	Zou and Pan[64]	2009	China	24	24	27/21	54	55.17	2.78 ± 2.18	3.12 ± 2.13	BXXD	WM	1	a
20	Zhou[65]	2005	China	43	43	39/47	53.01	51.13	10.10 ± 3.22	10.21 ± 2.71	BXXD	WM	1	a
21	Liang[66]	2022	China	30	30	34/26	56.23	57.33	9.12 ± 3.11	8.29 ± 2.69	XSLJZD + WM	WM	1	abc
22	Zhang et al[67]	2021	China	64	64	47/81	51.84	50.57	(8.93 ± 1.05) mo	(9.14 ± 1.24) mo	XSLJZD + WM	SBS + WM	1	bcdeg
23	Chen[68]	2018	China	40	40	46/34	67.94	68.1	-	-	XSLJZD	WM	1.5	a
24	Guo et al[69]	2017	China	24	24	30/18	54.36	56.85	(16.4 ± 0.6) d	(16.9 ± 0.7) d	XSLJZD	WM	2	af
25	Yu et al[70]	2016	China	35	35	38/22	57.86	56.4	-	-	XSLJZD + WM	WM	1	ab
26	Chen et al[71]	2016	China	78	78	61/95	50.31	52.41	1.29 ± 0.47	1.31 ± 0.22	XSLJZD	WM	1	afi
27	Fu et al[72]	2014	China	40	40	44/36	70.2	69.9	4.3 ± 1.3	4.6 ± 1.5	XSLJZD + WM	WM	1	ace
28	Wen[73]	2012	China	44	43	48/39	55.6	54	(14.8 ± 5.2) d	(15.3 ± 5.3) d	XSLJZD	WM	2	ai
29	Cai[74]	2011	China	27	27	29/25	60.23	59.35	-	-	XSLJZD + WM	WM	1	abi
30	Hou et al[75]	2010	China	56	56	87/25	49.0-84.0	48.5-83.5	0.66-2.42	0.58-2.25	XSLJZD	WM	2	abf
31	Lu[76]	2009	China	48	46	52/42	53.3	52.8	-	-	XSLJZD	WM	1	ab
32	Chu et al[77]	2017	China	50	50	46/54	65.7	66	(15 ± 4) mo	(16 ± 6) mo	SMD + WM	WM	1.5	abcdei
33	Wang[78]	2014	China	70	70	78/62	71.4	71.4	15.2	15.2	SMD	WM	1	a
34	Wang[79]	2011	China	22	22	27/17	46.1	46.1	5.3 ± 2.0	5.3 ± 2.0	SMD	WM	1.25	aci
35	Sun et al[80]	2007	China	51	50	-	56.7	55.6	6.1 ± 4.1	6.4 ± 3.6	SMD	WM	1	ai
36	Sun and Gao[81]	2007	China	21	20	20/21	48.3	49.4	-	-	SMD	WM	1	ai
37	Qiu and Liu[82]	2005	China	40	38	47/31	57.3	58	-	-	SMD	WM	1	abi
38	Liu and Cai[83]	2017	China	32	34	39/28	44.55	42.67	(15.61 ± 6.66) mo	(16.02 ± 7.12) mo	ZSXPD + WM	WM	1	af
39	Qiu et al[84]	2016	China	78	78	80/76	62.21	62.21	15.37 ± 7.25	15.37 ± 7.25	ZSXPD	WM	1	adg
40	Lu[85]	2012	China	59	59	65/53	56.42	54.63	6.81 ± 2.57	5.97 ± 2.75	ZSXPD	WM	1	acde
41	Zhao et al[86]	2010	China	33	30	28/35	63.2	61.9	16.30 ± 7.52	18.10 ± 7.9	ZSXPD	WM	1	abcdeg
42	Yang and Li[87]	2010	China	30	30	39/21	56.73	56.76	7.57 ± 2.48	7.85 ± 2.74	ZSXPD	WM	1	aig
43	Li[88]	2021	China	20	20	22/18	56.42	56.34	6.35 ± 1.29	6.23 ± 1.34	CSLJD + WM	WM	1	acfi
44	Wang and Hou[89]	2019	China	31	31	34/28	53.3	53.6	(4-16) mo	(6-18) mo	CSLJD	WM	1	acf
45	Jiao[90]	2019	China	57	57	59/55	57.52	56.97	(10.43 ± 2.15) mo	(10.37 ± 2.18) mo	CSLJD + WM	WM	0.75	cf
46	Jin[91]	2016	China	50	50	41/59	53.2	54.2	(4-16) mo	(5-17) mo	CSLJD	WM	0.75	acfi
47	Zou[92]	2009	China	40	38	35/43	61.15	60.89	(10.17 ± 4.53) mo	(9.97 ± 4.21) mo	CSLJD	WM	1	acfi
48	Lil[93]	2022	China	30	30	37/23	51.16	52.08	8.45 ± 2.16	8.13 ± 2.72	CQWD	WM	1	abcefi
49	Liu[94]	2021	China	49	49	51/47	53.42	52.83	5.16 ± 1.19	5.12 ± 1.25	CQWD	WM	1	abf
50	Hu[95]	2021	China	50	50	56/44	62.9	63.6	6.3 ± 1.3	6.5 ± 1.4	CQWD	WM	1	abcdg
51	Xu et al[96]	2020	China	69	69	75/63	51.24	51.24	0.83 ± 0.12	0.84 ± 0.13	CQWD	WM	1	abcefi
52	Yao et al[97]	2019	China	45	44	-	51.8	52.2	5.26 ± 0.75	4.81 ± 0.35	CQWD	WM	1	abg
53	Tian[98]	2017	China	48	48	63/33	52.5	53.2	-	-	JPXZD	WM	1	abcef
54	Li[99]	2017	China	47	47	35/59	56.2	51.2	8.27 ± 1.48	9.17 ± 2.74	JPXZD	WM	1	abcef
55	An and Wang[100]	2016	China	56	56	59/53	50.4	52.1			JPXZD	WM	1	acef
56	Lan and Yao[101]	2015	China	47	49	53/43	51.6	52.3	-	-	JPXZD	WM	1	abcef

WM: Western medicine; BXXD: Banxia Xiexin Decoction; XSLJZD: Xiangshaliujunzi Decoction; SMD: Simo decoction; ZSXPD: ZhiShiXiaoPi decoction; CSLJD: Chaishaoliujun Decoction; CQWD: Chaiqin-Wendan Decoction; JPXZD: Jianpi Xiaozhi Decoction. EG: Experimental group; CG: Control group; M: Male; F: Female; a: Clinical effects; b: Symptom scores (nausea and vomiting scores, anorexia scores, early satiety scores, bloating scores); c: Motilin; d: Somatostatin; e: Gastrin; f: Gastric emptying time; g: Emptying rate; h: Adverse drug event.

Table 2 Odds ratio/weight mean difference (95% credible interval) results of the network meta-analysis

Clinical effects	BXXD	BXXD_WM	CQWD	CSLJD	CSLJD_WM	JPXZD	SMD
BXXD	1
BXXD_WM	0.72 (0.36, 1.4)	1
CQWD	0.93 (0.48, 1.76)	1.29 (0.61, 2.74)	1
CSLJD	0.83 (0.36, 1.83)	1.16 (0.47, 2.77)	0.9 (0.37, 2.11)	1
CSLJD_WM	2.21 (0.44, 10.19)	3.07 (0.58, 14.99)	2.38 (0.46, 11.51)	2.65 (0.48, 13.86)	1
JPXZD	0.87 (0.38, 1.89)	1.21 (0.5, 2.91)	0.94 (0.39, 2.18)	1.05 (0.39, 2.81)	0.39 (0.08, 2.17)	1
SMD	1.14 (0.57, 2.24)	1.58 (0.73, 3.46)	1.23 (0.57, 2.61)	1.37 (0.56, 3.42)	0.52 (0.11, 2.73)	1.3 (0.54, 3.23)	1
SMD_WM	0.72 (0.14, 2.73)	1 (0.19, 3.99)	0.77 (0.15, 3.07)	0.86 (0.15, 3.77)	0.32 (0.04, 2.5)	0.82 (0.15, 3.57)	0.63 (0.12, 2.56)
WM	3.93 (2.66, 5.91)	5.44 (3.25, 9.61)	4.23 (2.57, 7.18)	4.71 (2.4, 9.83)	1.79 (0.4, 8.59)	4.49 (2.33, 9.28)	3.44 (2, 6.13)
XSLJZD	1.57 (0.84, 2.9)	2.17 (1.07, 4.5)	1.68 (0.84, 3.41)	1.88 (0.82, 4.46)	0.71 (0.15, 3.64)	1.79 (0.79, 4.22)	1.37 (0.66, 2.87)
XSLJZD_WM	0.93 (0.44, 1.92)	1.3 (0.57, 2.94)	1.01 (0.45, 2.21)	1.12 (0.44, 2.88)	0.42 (0.08, 2.27)	1.07 (0.43, 2.72)	0.82 (0.36, 1.86)
ZSXPD	0.87 (0.4, 1.83)	1.2 (0.52, 2.79)	0.94 (0.4, 2.11)	1.04 (0.4, 2.71)	0.39 (0.08, 2.13)	1 (0.39, 2.58)	0.76 (0.32, 1.78)
Nausea and vomiting scores	BXXD	BXXD_WM	CQWD	JPXZD	SMD	SMD_WM	WM
BXXD	0
BXXD_WM	0.65 (0.17, 2.5)	0
CQWD	0.79 (0.23, 2.77)	1.22 (0.42, 3.65)	0
JPXZD	0.61 (0.14, 2.69)	0.95 (0.25, 3.63)	0.78 (0.23, 2.62)	0
SMD	0.41 (0.07, 2.43)	0.63 (0.12, 3.44)	0.52 (0.1, 2.52)	0.66 (0.11, 3.94)	0
SMD_WM	2.93 (0.46, 18.72)	4.52 (0.78, 26.05)	3.71 (0.69, 19.4)	4.79 (0.75, 30.37)	7.18 (0.87, 60.2)	0
WM	0.4 (0.14, 1.14)	0.61 (0.26, 1.45)	0.5 (0.26, 0.97)	0.65 (0.23, 1.82)	0.97 (0.23, 4.19)	0.14 (0.03, 0.63)	0
XSLJZD	0.47 (0.08, 2.84)	0.72 (0.13, 3.97)	0.59 (0.12, 2.92)	0.77 (0.13, 4.62)	1.15 (0.15, 9.16)	0.16 (0.02, 1.35)	1.18 (0.28, 5.13)
Anorexia scores	BXXD_WM	CQWD	SMD	SMD_WM	WM	XSLJZD	XSLJZD_WM
BXXD_WM	0
CQWD	0.37 (0.07, 1.66)	0
SMD	0.19 (0.02, 1.62)	0.52 (0.06, 4.56)	0
SMD_WM	2.08 (0.22, 18.36)	5.67 (0.62, 50.9)	10.86 (0.76, 158.85)	0
WM	0.19 (0.06, 0.55)	0.52 (0.17, 1.53)	0.99 (0.15, 6.46)	0.09 (0.01, 0.62)	0
XSLJZD	0.25 (0.03, 2.07)	0.67 (0.08, 5.77)	1.29 (0.09, 18.09)	0.12 (0.01, 1.69)	1.3 (0.2, 8.38)	0
XSLJZD_WM	1.27 (0.13, 11.66)	3.47 (0.36, 32.67)	6.63 (0.43, 99.8)	0.61 (0.04, 9.45)	6.69 (0.93, 48.32)	5.14 (0.34, 77.76)	0
Early satiety scores	BXXD	BXXD_WM	CQWD	JPXZD	SMD	SMD_WM	WM
BXXD	0
BXXD_WM	2.95 (0.77, 13.01)	0
CQWD	1.88 (0.43, 8.37)	0.64 (0.19, 1.89)	0
JPXZD	0.74 (0.18, 2.99)	0.25 (0.09, 0.65)	0.39 (0.13, 1.22)	0
SMD	0.5 (0.09, 2.79)	0.17 (0.04, 0.68)	0.27 (0.06, 1.23)	0.68 (0.17, 2.78)	0
SMD_WM	2.67 (0.46, 15.44)	0.9 (0.19, 3.71)	1.42 (0.3, 6.7)	3.61 (0.84, 15.32)	5.32 (0.9, 31.54)	0
WM	0.49 (0.15, 1.62)	0.16 (0.07, 0.32)	0.26 (0.11, 0.63)	0.66 (0.33, 1.33)	0.97 (0.28, 3.36)	0.18 (0.05, 0.65)	0
Bloating scores	BXXD	BXXD_WM	CQWD	JPXZD	SMD	SMD_WM	WM
BXXD	0
BXXD_WM	1.1 (0.58, 2.21)	0
CQWD	0.93 (0.49, 1.79)	0.85 (0.49, 1.42)	0
JPXZD	0.65 (0.33, 1.29)	0.59 (0.32, 1.03)	0.7 (0.4, 1.2)	0
SMD	0.45 (0.17, 1.16)	0.41 (0.17, 0.96)	0.48 (0.2, 1.12)	0.69 (0.29, 1.68)	0
SMD_WM	2.66 (1, 7.13)	2.42 (0.95, 5.89)	2.86 (1.16, 6.92)	4.11 (1.63, 10.31)	5.92 (1.91, 18.3)	0
WM	0.44 (0.26, 0.76)	0.4 (0.26, 0.58)	0.47 (0.33, 0.66)	0.68 (0.44, 1.04)	0.98 (0.45, 2.13)	0.17 (0.07, 0.38)	0
XSLJZD	0.56 (0.26, 1.18)	0.5 (0.25, 0.95)	0.6 (0.31, 1.11)	0.86 (0.43, 1.69)	1.23 (0.48, 3.16)	0.21 (0.08, 0.55)	1.26 (0.74, 2.13)
MOT	BXXD	BXXD_WM	CQWD	CSLJD	CSLJD_WM	JPXZD	SMD
BXXD	0
BXXD_WM	73145227955313819658 (16.53, 2.030196546848e + 38)	0
CQWD	35423305.81 (0, 5.93544195488604e + 21)	0 (0, 1661.84)	0
CSLJD	1.49786530431541e + 62 (3.50996919314233e + 43, 5.47316977723933e + 80)	2.12100175311827e + 42 (7.96830853291658e + 22, 6.07610382119557e + 61)	4.41194389881838e + 54 (1.64238728480315e + 39, 1.56982913306051e + 70)	0
CSLJD_WM	2.02292315583141e + 56 (2.13482601427363e + 38, 3.74341135713198e + 73)	3.39246479689985e + 36 (332081441777967616, 3.74853474640655e + 54)	6.5996363207526e + 48 (1.22057356959688e + 34, 6.1480125702437e + 62)	0 (0, 2732647433755.58)	0
JPXZD	1.46545014434071e + 35 (1.63502079852166e + 21, 1.17286388222191e + 49)	2074599066114823 (1.29, 3.17467766771584e + 30)	3.84186585617681e + 27 (1237249559868129024, 2.96562509673173e + 37)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0
SMD	4.20171429734073e + 26 (25898.14, 8.26692473710835e + 48)	6849152.53 (0, 9.10517874469878e + 29)	11853726740880627712 (0.26, 1.11780444531916e + 39)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 116505229632.1)	0
SMD_WM	2.28758076383624e + 34 (3326609644123.49, 7.88309912633195e + 55)	281406176126933 (0, 7.9670020400884e + 36)	5.89642990959044e + 26 (39869414.39, 9.32616031295542e + 45)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 1.24)	0.14 (0, 954822479322721408)	39739999.76 (0, 2.14570758341921e + 33)
WM	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)
XSLJZD_WM	14666.56 (0, 16247355947961442304)	0 (0, 8.34)	0 (0, 158351284.3)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0.01)
ZSXPD	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)
SS	BXXD	BXXD_WM	CQWD	SMD_WM	WM	XSLJZD_WM	ZSXPD
BXXD	0
BXXD_WM	0.01 (0, 36713863287.61)	0
CQWD	240.28 (0, 462592820033121344)	18640.19 (0, 4.5779943358534e + 19)	0
SMD_WM	0.11 (0, 224930986970319)	8.59 (0, 17667828742718418)	0 (0, 248861236102597)	0
WM	53749.9 (0, 32864187823875.5)	4200830.54 (0.01, 3136485942463265)	224.17 (0, 839932932110503)	493063.5 (0, 1651805622636769024)	0
XSLJZD_WM	50.96 (0, 102248837325752448)	3884.92 (0, 10556005822499647488)	0.2 (0, 117147511992865184)	472.76 (0, 2.04812782178715e + 20)	0 (0, 3009685068.16)	0
ZSXPD	0 (0, 0.04)	0 (0, 3.92)	0 (0, 0.14)	0 (0, 224.03)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0.5)	0
GAS	BXXD	BXXD_WM	CQWD	JPXZD	SMD_WM	WM	XSLJZD_WM
BXXD	0
BXXD_WM	28048.32 (0, 24195406220047416)	0
CQWD	0 (0, 69857.01)	0 (0, 1321.29)	0
JPXZD	22986750.89 (0.07, 3480782610051639)	822.3 (0, 114613769790857)	582462249573.32 (4165.62, 86824668158199087104)	0
SMD_WM	772.69 (0, 202805460193874)	0.03 (0, 1605419615413.43)	19391679.88 (0, 6739519315925827584)	0 (0, 1354996.37)	0
WM	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 7.5)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0
XSLJZD_WM	14792825.45 (0, 3.68830686229498e + 20)	543.92 (0, 1313792551296612864)	397907647799.45 (0.02, 1.01862834805861e + 25)	0.66 (0, 3321105849542.14)	20391.36 (0, 22295919254655209472)	205575165013649344 (528058.51, 1.00959763024414e + 29)	0
ZSXPD	0 (0, 532.37)	0 (0, 7.77)	0 (0, 14795237.56)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 116.31)	2297.17 (0, 22820407856.58)	0 (0, 0.32)
Gastric emptying time	BXXD	BXXD_WM	CQWD	CSLJD	CSLJD_WM	JPXZD	SMD_WM
BXXD	0
BXXD_WM	3.31 (1.45, 7.77)	0
CQWD	5.57 (2.29, 13.92)	1.68 (0.79, 3.6)	0
CSLJD	12.15 (4.95, 29.89)	3.66 (1.69, 7.79)	2.18 (0.94, 4.96)	0
CSLJD_WM	12.34 (4.61, 33.56)	3.73 (1.56, 8.86)	2.21 (0.87, 5.6)	1.02 (0.4, 2.59)	0
JPXZD	0.9 (0.39, 2.11)	0.27 (0.14, 0.54)	0.16 (0.08, 0.34)	0.07 (0.03, 0.16)	0.07 (0.03, 0.17)	0
SMD_WM	0.99 (0.31, 3.2)	0.3 (0.1, 0.86)	0.18 (0.06, 0.54)	0.08 (0.03, 0.25)	0.08 (0.02, 0.26)	1.11 (0.38, 3.17)	0
WM	0.78 (0.4, 1.56)	0.24 (0.14, 0.38)	0.14 (0.08, 0.25)	0.06 (0.04, 0.12)	0.06 (0.03, 0.13)	0.87 (0.53, 1.41)	0.79 (0.31, 2.02)
XSLJZD	1.52 (0.62, 3.89)	0.46 (0.21, 1.01)	0.27 (0.12, 0.64)	0.13 (0.05, 0.3)	0.12 (0.05, 0.32)	1.69 (0.78, 3.74)	1.53 (0.5, 4.78)
Emptying rate	BXXD	CQWD	SMD_WM	WM	XSLJZD_WM
BXXD	0
CQWD	69.8 (0.15, 32653.33)	0
SMD_WM	0.25 (0, 358.08)	0 (0, 3.64)	0
WM	845.68 (7.55, 83742.05)	11.9 (0.2, 662.69)	3299.5 (11.8, 939381.79)	0
XSLJZD_WM	0.04 (0, 69.4)	0 (0, 0.68)	0.14 (0, 547.9)	0 (0, 0.02)	0
Adverse drug event	BXXD	BXXD_WM	CQWD	CSLJD	CSLJD_WM	SMD	SMD_WM
BXXD	1
BXXD_WM	52414822144496.4 (5.15, 4.030355125387e + 40)	1
CQWD	523486623214299 (44.52, 4.99143462215951e + 41)	9.46 (0.22, 820)	1
CSLJD	2.1013167745814e + 21 (68867.54, 6.94805069595938e + 49)	5570723.63 (10.18, 65917394402402795520)	546167.92 (0.79, 6291215618954215424)	1
CSLJD_WM	903925158662983 (64.85, 7.24389664845627e + 41)	16.04 (0.14, 2989.89)	1.66 (0.01, 331.36)	0 (0, 3.21)	1
SMD	87868125051078.8 (8.79, 6.46520330928223e + 40)	1.58 (0.07, 46.22)	0.17 (0, 5.2)	0 (0, 0.14)	0.1 (0, 9.11)	1
SMD_WM	92995980732601.7 (6.45, 7.01779753944577e + 40)	1.68 (0.02, 180.95)	0.18 (0, 19.11)	0 (0, 0.26)	0.1 (0, 26.32)	1.05 (0.01, 72.95)	1
WM	54754719159198.7 (6.18, 4.32688099919118e + 40)	1.01 (0.07, 14.35)	0.11 (0, 1.76)	0 (0, 0.07)	0.06 (0, 3.34)	0.64 (0.08, 4.09)	0.6 (0.01, 27.12)
XSLJZD	138602669761684 (13.39, 1.24283951732813e + 41)	2.63 (0.06, 124.69)	0.28 (0, 13.6)	0 (0, 0.28)	0.17 (0, 20.87)	1.65 (0.06, 46.29)	1.56 (0.01, 176)
XSLJZD_WM	2.292622716453e + 27 (1041432.11, 2.95058492834921e + 63)	681629044495.03 (13.68, 1.1410582712159e + 37)	63891194824.14 (1.24, 1.1687385549262e + 36)	69412.73 (0, 1.68323760596052e + 30)	40072042129.9 (0.6, 8.14243889280231e + 35)	419783352848.06 (9.15, 6.85444195823832e + 36)	419971257349.63 (6.35, 7.28909075697952e + 36)
ZSXPD	1.33392510385293e + 29 (3556788.54, 2.79172392054822e + 64)	25171485790455 (76.21, 3.26348786128855e + 38)	2361108310720.74 (6.5, 3.27810997427274e + 37)	1039292.85 (0, 8.27654798676685e + 30)	1488785454440.43 (3.09, 2.01068712178454e + 37)	15678668377271.4 (48.99, 1.96838317351027e + 38)	14704293429199.2 (32.62, 2.04193370876875e + 38)

MOT: Motilin; SS: Somatostatin; GAS: Gastrin; WM Western medicine; WM: Western medicine; BXXD: Banxia Xiexin Decoction; XSLJZD: Xiangshaliujunzi Decoction; SMD: Simo decoction; ZSXPD: ZhiShiXiaoPi decoction; CSLJD: Chaishaoliujun Decoction; CQWD: Chaiqin-Wendan Decoction; JPXZD: Jianpi Xiaozhi Decoction.

Table 3 Results of the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (%)

	WM	BXXD	BXXD + WM	XSLJZD	XSLJZD + WM	SMD	SMD + WM	ZSXPD	ZSXPD + WM	CSLJD	CSLJD + WM	CQWD	JPXZD
Clinical effects	2.03	51.34	75.49	22.32	56.77	42.1	68.1	61.92	65.12	64.56	21.53	57.35	61.36
Nausea and vomiting scores	15.72	66.51	44.93	30.55	75.52	24.71	93.7	-	-	-	-	56.35	42.02
Anorexia scores	16.26	-	73.55	29.37	77.34	21.17	88.74	-	-	-	-	43.56	-
Early satiety scores	10.2	46.12	89.88	-	48.41	16.73	83.62	-	-	-	-	72.67	32.36
Bloating scores	9.88	71.13	78.56	28.76	38.13	17.14	98.98	-	-	-	-	67.3	40.12
MOT	9.72	24.36	52.91	-	30.21	61.42	71.2	0.33	-	97.26	92.27	37.05	73.27
SS	12.63	49.83	63.51	-	37.57	-	55.6	97.79	-	-	-	33.06	-
GAS	2.99	49.06	70.43	-	81.19	-	62.98	18.51	-	-	-	28.67	86.17
Gastric emptying time	11.8	28.03	66.87	47.69	-	-	27.55	-	30.22	93.89	94.08	77.61	22.26
Emptying rate	1.82	47.77	-	-	72.73		58.18	98.35	-	-	-	21.14	-
Adverse drug events	25.41	0.48	27.85	41.85	90.74	34.64	35.65	92.72	-	84.39	59.24	57.04	-

MOT: Motilin; SS: Somatostatin; GAS: Gastrin; WM: Western medicine; BXXD: Banxia Xiexin Decoction; XSLJZD: Xiangshaliujunzi Decoction; SMD: Simo Decoction; ZSXPD: ZhiShiXiaoPi Decoction; CSLJD: Chaishaoliujun Decoction; CQWD: Chaiqin-Wendan Decoction; JPXZD: Jianpi Xiaozhi Decoction.