Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Diabetes. Sep 15, 2022; 13(9): 776-785
Published online Sep 15, 2022. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i9.776
Table 1 Comparison of general data of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in two groups
General data

Right age group (n = 377)
Older group (n = 206)
t/χ2
P
Pregnancy modeNatural pregnancy343 (90.98)170 (82.52)9.0180.003
Assisted pregnancy34 (9.02)36 (17.48)
Education levelPrimary school and below4 (1.06)5 (2.43)5.0540.080
Junior high school80 (21.22)57 (27.67)
College degree or above293 (77.72)144 (69.90)
BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2)22.30 ± 3.7722.80 ± 3.751.5340.126
Gestational weight gain (kg)10.83 ± 15.219.20 ± 16.151.2100.227
FBG (mmol/L)4.93 ± 1.144.89 ± 0.690.4600.646
≤ 37 wk gestation 110 (29.18)84 (40.78)8.0720.004
No. of Pregnancies1134 (35.54)24 (11.65)38.493< 0.001
≥ 2243 (64.46)182 (88.35)
Delivery times0226 (59.95)59 (28.64)52.441< 0.001
1129 (34.22)123 (59.71)
≥ 222 (5.84)24 (11.65)
Pre-pregnancy blood glucose screeningYes159 (42.18)67 (32.52)5.2270.022
No218 (57.82)139 (67.48)
Table 2 Comparison of delivery modes between the two groups
Groups
Cases
Natural delivery
Cesarean section rate
Right age group377154 (40.85)223 (59.15)
Older group20646 (22.33)160 (77.67)
χ220.271
P< 0.001
Table 3 Comparison of adverse outcomes between two groups
Adverse outcomes
Right age group (n = 377)
Older group (n = 206)
t/χ2
P
Preterm birth40 (10.61)26 (12.62)0.370.464
Polyhydramnios5 (1.32)8 (3.88)3.9960.046
Oligohydramnios32 (8.49)10 (4.85)2.6310.105
Fetal distress40 (10.61)10 (4.85)5.6280.018
Macrosomia8 (2.12)2 (0.97)1.0470.306
Umbilical cord around the neck125 (33.16)59 (28.64)1.2580.262
Neonatal death events3 (0.80)1 (0.49)0.1880.664
Neonatal hospitalization4 (0.27)1 (0.49)0.5190.471
Neonatal aspiration pneumonia3 (0.80)2 (0.97)0.0480.827
Neonatal Hypoglycemia4 (0.27)2 (0.97)0.0110.918
neonatal jaundice5 (1.32)2 (0.97)0.1420.706
Postpartum hemorrhage (mL)318.62 ± 97.02362.20 ± 175.923.8610.001
Table 4 Comparison of Apgar score between the two groups
Groups
Cases
Neonatal weight (g)
1 min Apgar score
5 min Apgar score
Right age group3773107.66 ± 467.269.69 ± 0.069.93 ± 0.05
Older group2063102.07 ± 508.409.67 ± 0.089.89 ± 0.04
χ20.1343.4089.882
P0.8940.001< 0.001
Table 5 Analysis of related factors of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in older pregnant women
Factors

Poor outcome group (n = 112)
Good outcome group (n = 94)
t/χ2
P
Age38.75 ± 1.2637.26 ± 1.787.011< 0.001
Education levelPrimary school and below0 (0.00)5 (5.32)6.2570.044
Junior high school33 (29.46)24 (25.53)
College degree or above79 (70.54)65 (69.15)
Pregnancy modeNatural pregnancy87 (77.68)83 (88.30)3.9960.046
Assisted reproduction25 (22.32)11 (11.70)
≤ 37 wk gestation53 (47.32)31 (32.98)4.3540.037
No. of pregnancies118 (16.07)6 (6.38)4.6610.031
≥ 2 94 (83.93)88 (93.62)
No. of deliveries0 36 (32.14)23 (24.47)1.5430.462
163 (56.25)60 (63.83)
≥ 213 (11.61)11 (11.70)
Mode of deliveryNatural labor25 (22.32)21 (22.34)0.0000.997
Cesarean section87 (77.68)73 (77.66)
Premature rupture of membranes36 (32.14)0 (0.00)36.613< 0.001
Table 6 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for maternal and infant adverse outcomes in elderly pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Risk factors
B
SE
Wald χ2
P
OR
95%CI
Age0.4850.07415.0900.0051.2541.002-4.056
Education level0.6500.11220.4820.0191.2341.051-5.573
Pregnancy mode0.2530.1452. 7740.0451.2540.976-1.780
≤ 37 wk gestation0.5040.2563.1570.0861.6430.949-2.954
No. of pregnancies0.7840.1655.480.0971.2620.758-1.985
Premature rupture of membranes0.8640.14216.7510.0111.3181.185-9.254