Clinical significance of serum miR-129-5p in patients with diabetes mellitus presenting macrovascular complications

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all participants

Parameter	Control (n = 36)	DM (n = 58)	DMC (n = 62)
Age (yr)	53.310 ± 1.535	55.860 ± 1.400	57.050 ± 1.190
Gender (male/female)	(13/23)	(32/26)	(33/29)
BMI (kg/m2)	24.150 ± 0.306	24.660 ± 0.388	25.050 ± 0.305
Duration of disease (yr)	-	5.376 ± 0.716	10.560 ± 1.230e
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	123.510 ± 2.039	134.703 ± 2.456b	137.712 ± 2.497c
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	73.081 ± 1.704	82.261 ± 1.471c	81.732 ± 1.349c
OGTT (mmol/L)
Fasting glucose	5.397 ± 0.051	11.511 ± 0.597c	11.341 ± 0.709c
1-h glucose	8.835 ± 0.094	13.763 ± 0.596c	13.113 ± 0.339c
2-h glucose	6.568 ± 0.108	14.061 ± 0.622c	13.650 ± 0.483c
HbA1c, (%)	5.589 ± 0.111	10.64 ± 0.323c	10.290 ± 0.287c
Comprehensive metabolic indicators
TG (mmol/L)	1.335 ± 0.121	2.265 ± 0.2483b	1.867 ± 0.154a
TCHO (mmol/L)	4.792 ± 0.208	4.986 ± 0.153	5.047 ± 0.205
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.410 ± 0.060	1.312 ± 0.049	1.303 ± 0.043
LDL-c (mmol/L)	2.831 ± 0.1643	3.566 ± 0.188b	3.735 ± 0.227b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001, vs control.

^eP < 0.001, vs diabetes mellitus.

DM: Diabetes mellitus; DMC: Diabetic macrovascular complication; BMI: Body mass index; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; TG: Triglyceride; TCHO: Total cholesterol; HDL-c: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Table 2 Correlation between the expression of serum miR-129-5p and clinical factors in diabetes mellitus and diabetic macrovascular complications

Parameter	DM		DMV
	r	P value	r	P value
Age (yr)	0.205	0.122	0.24	0.06
Gender	-0.025	0.85	-0.178	0.167
BMI (kg/m2)	-0.193	0.146	-0.069	0.597
Duration of disease (yr)	0.122	0.361	0.335	0.008
Smoking history	-0.135	0.312	0.346	0.006
DM family history	-0.06	0.656	0.299	0.018
Systolic pressure, mmHg	-0.133	0.318	-0.136	0.29
Diastolic pressure, mmHg	-0.19	0.153	-0.191	0.137
OGTT (mmol/L)
Fasting glucose	0.111	0.405	0.268	0.036
1-h glucose	0.258	0.05	0.071	0.582
2-h glucose	0.283	0.031	0.183	0.154
HbA1c, %	0.149	0.263	0.255	0.045
TG	-0.149	0.263	-0.176	0.172
CHOL	-0.057	0.673	0.138	0.285
HDL-c	-0.052	0.696	-0.105	0.418
LDL-c	-0.115	0.389	-0.105	0.417

DM: Diabetes mellitus; DMC: Diabetic macrovascular complication; BMI: Body mass index; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; TG: Triglyceride; TCHO: Total cholesterol; HDL-c: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Table 3 Relationship between the expression of serum miR-129-5p and clinical factors in diabetic macrovascular complications

Parameter	No. of cases (n = 62)	miR-129 level		χ2	P value
		High (n = 24)	Low (n = 38)
Gender
Male	33	15	18	1.353	0.245
Female	29	9	20
Age (yr)
≥ 60	31	15	16	2.447	0.118
< 60	31	9	22
BMI (kg/m2)
≥ 24	42	13	29	3.302	0.069
0 < 24	20	11	9
Smoking history
Yes	16	10	6	5.144	0.023
No	46	14	32
DM family history
Yes	25	13	12	3.119	0.077
No	37	11	26
Duration of disease (yr)
≥ 10	29	16	13	6.224	0.013
< 10	33	8	25
HBP
Yes	28	12	16	0.37	0.543
No	34	12	22
HbA1c (%)
≥ 10 .28	33	18	15	7.457	0.006
< 10.28	29	6	23
FBG (mmol/L)
≥ 10 .34	21	10	11	1.062	0.303
< 10.34	41	14	27
PBS 1 h (mmol/L)
≥ 13.11	36	15	21	0.316	0.574
< 13.11	26	9	17
PBS 2 h (mmol/L)
≥ 13.65	33	14	19	0.41	0.522
< 13.65	29	10	19
TG (mmol/L)
≥ 1.867	20	5	15	2.339	0.126
< 1.867	42	19	23
TCHO (mmol/L)
≥ 5.047	24	9	15	0.024	0.876
< 5.047	38	15	23
HDL-c (mmol/L)
≥ 1.303	30	10	20	0.708	0.4
< 1.303	32	14	18
LDL-c (mmol/L)
≥ 3.735	27	11	16	0.083	0.773
< 3.735	35	13	22

BMI: Body mass index; DM: Diabetes mellitus; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; TG: Triglyceride; TCHO: Total cholesterol; HDL-c: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.