Genetics of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes

Table 1 Genetic variants associated with macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus

	Gene symbol	Region	dbSNP ID	Risk allele	Condition	Ref.
1	GLUL	1q25	rs10911021	C	CAD	Qi et al[18], Beaney et al[19], and Look AHEAD Research Group[20]
2	MGMT	10q26.3	rs9299870	A	Cardiovascular mortality	Shah et al[23]
3	Intergenic	5q13	rs57922	T	Cardiovascular mortality	Shah et al[23]
4	CDKN2B-AS1	9p21	rs10757274	G	MI	Doria et al[11], and Zhang et al[17]
5	CDKN2B-AS1	9p21	rs2383206	G	MI	Doria et al[11], and Zhang et al[17]
6	CDKN2B-AS1	9p21	rs4977574	G	CAD	Qi et al[12]
7	PHACTR1	6p24	rs12526453	C	CAD	Qi et al[12]
8	CELSR2	1p21	rs646776	T	CAD	Qi et al[12]
9	HNF1A	12q24	rs2259816	T	CAD	Qi et al[12]
10	PCSK9	1p32	rs11206510	T	CAD	Qi et al[12]
11	LPA	6q25	rs74617384	T	CAD	Fall et al[24]
12	CDKN2B-AS1	9p21	rs10811652	C	CAD	Fall et al[24]

CAD: Coronary artery disease; MI: Myocardial infarction.

Table 2 MicroRNAs associated with macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus

miRNA	miRNA detection method	Condition	Source	Country	Ref.
miR-92a	qRT-PCR	Acute coronary syndrome	Serum	China	Wang et al[69]
miR-30c	qRT-PCR	CAD	Plasma	China	Luo et al[70]
miR-126	qRT-PCR	CAD	Whole blood	Bahrain	Al-Kafaji et al[33]
miR-126, miR-210	qRT-PCR	CAD	Plasma	Egypt	Amr et al[34]
miR-370	qRT-PCR	CAD	Serum	Egypt	Motawae et al[80]
miR-21	qRT-PCR	In-stent restenosis CAD	Plasma	China	Guan et al[59]
miR-342, miR-450	qRT-PCR	CAD	Serum	Egypt	Seleem et al[81]
miR-1, miR-133	qRT-PCR	CAD	Whole blood	Bahrain	Al-Muhtaresh et al[87]
miR-204	qRT-PCR	Coronary artery calcification	Plasma	China	Ding et al[94]
miR-21	qRT-PCR	Acute heart failure	Serum	Turkey	Al-Hayali et al[54]
miR-144, miR-223	qRT-PCR	Ischemic stroke	Platelet, plasma	China	Yang et al[88]
miR-223, miR-146a	qRT-PCR	Ischemic stroke	Platelet	China	Duan et al[97]
miR-195-5p, miR-451a	qRT-PCR	Transient ischemic attack	Serum	Italy	Giordano et al[106]
miR-503	qRT-PCR	Ischemic stroke	Plasma	Iran	Sheikhbahaei et al[118]
miR-223	qRT-PCR	Ischemic stroke	PBMC	China	Long et al[99]

miRNA: MicroRNA; qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; CAD: Coronary artery disease; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells.