Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Diabetes. May 15, 2021; 12(5): 673-684
Published online May 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.673
Table 1 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of type 1 diabetes incidence in 19 European countries stratified according to tertiles of particulate matter < 10 μm, volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides emissions
Tertiles of emission
PM10
VOCs
NO
Reference, low111
II tertile, medium1.08 (1.01-1.15)1.19 (1.1-1.29)1.12 (1.04-1.21)
III tertile, high1.10 (1.04-1.18)1.16 (1.05-1.28)1.15 (1.05-1.24)
Table 2 Average incidence of type 1 diabetes (× 100000) in 19 European countries stratified according to tertiles of particulate < 10 μm, volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides emissions

PM10
VOCs
NO
Reference, low14.6 ± 2.413.2 ± 1.713.4 ± 2.4
II tertile, medium21.3 ± 2.228.4 ± 1.8a23.6 ± 1.9a
III tertile, high27.5 ± 2.4b24.5 ± 4.4a26.6 ± 3a