Age-dependent changes in the association between sleep duration and impaired glucose metabolism

Figure 1 Sleep duration according to age groups and sex. Each point and vertical bar represent the mean ± 1.96 SE. Sleep duration in men and women increased with increasing age (both P < 0.0001, ANOVA). Significant differences were observed in sleep duration between men and women in all age groups (all P < 0.0001, except for P = 0.003 in the 20s, t-test). The corresponding number of subjects is shown in the side of the bar.

Figure 2 HbA1c levels according to age groups divided by decades. Each point and vertical bar represent the mean ± 1.96 SE. HbA1c levels in men and women increased with increasing age (both P < 0.0001, ANOVA). Significant differences were observed in HbA1c levels between men and women in all age groups (all P < 0.0001, t-test). The corresponding number of subjects is the same as that in Figure 1.

Figure 3 Relationship between HbA1c levels and sleep duration according to age and sex. Each point and vertical bar represent the mean ± SE. P values for ANOVA were < 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.002, and 0.56 for young men, young women, older men, and older women, respectively. The corresponding number of subjects is shown in the side of the bar.

Figure 4 Relationship between HbA1c levels and sleep duration according to age groups divided by decades. Each point and vertical bar represent the mean ± SE. Correlation coefficients and P values of Pearson’s correlation were r = -0.03, P < 0.0001 for the 20s, r = -0.05, P < 0.0001 for the 30s, r = -0.01, P = 0.41 for the 40s, r = 0.01, P = 0.52 for the 50s, and r = -0.01, P = 0.32 for the 60-70s, respectively. The corresponding number of subjects is shown in the side of the bar.

Figure 5 Relationship between sleep duration and impaired glucose metabolism, and plausible underlying mechanisms. AEBAS: Abnormal eating behavior around sleep.