Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Diabetes. Apr 15, 2015; 6(3): 391-402
Published online Apr 15, 2015. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.391
Figure 1
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 1 Sketch reproduced from Brand P[2].
Figure 2
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 2 Intraepidermal nerve fibre ending density at the lower limb in relation to severity of diabetic neuropathy (adapted from Quattrini et al[41]). HC: Healthy controls; DC: Diabetic controls; Dmi: Mild SDN; Dmo: Moderate SDN; Dsev: Severe SDN; SDN: Symptomatic diabetic neuropathy; INEF: Intraepidermal nerve fibre ending.
Figure 3
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 3 MSA Thermotest® (electronic device, expensive!).
Figure 4
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 4 Algometer® (electronic device, expensive!).
Figure 5
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 5 MARSTOCKnervtest® PinPrick stimulator 512 mN (fibreglass, cheap!).
Figure 6
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 6 Pressure pain perception threshold measurements done in own studies[61]. CPPPT: Cutaneous pressure pain perception threshold; DPPPT: Deep pressure pain perception threshold.
Figure 7
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 7 Lowered pain perception thresholds (hyperalgesia) after acute skeletal trauma of the foot in 13 healthy control subjects (sprain, toe fracture) and in 12 diabetic foot patients (elective surgery) at the injured site. Data are combined from ref. [59,61]. A: Cutaneous pressure pain perception threshold (mN) (pinprick) at plantar digital skinfold (medians); B: Deep pressure pain perception threshold (kPa) over metatarsophalangeal joint (medians); C: Deep pressure pain perception threshold (kPa) over musculus abductor hallucis (medians).