Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2025; 16(8): 108671
Published online Aug 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.108671
Figure 1
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 1 Flowchart of this study. ACCORD: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes.
Figure 2
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier survival curves for primary and secondary outcomes based on quartiles of baseline metabolic score for insulin resistance. A: Major adverse cardiovascular events; B: Cardiovascular disease mortality; C: Non-fatal myocardial infarction; D: Non-fatal stroke; E: Total mortality; F: Congestive heart failure; G: Major coronary heart disease. MACEs: Major adverse cardiovascular events; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; MI: Myocardial infarction; CHF: Congestive heart failure; CHD: Coronary heart disease; METS-IR: Metabolic score for insulin resistance.
Figure 3
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 3 Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for primary and secondary outcomes based on restricted cubic spline analysis. A: Major adverse cardiovascular events; B: Cardiovascular disease mortality; C: Non-fatal myocardial infarction; D: Non-fatal stroke; E: Total mortality; F: Congestive heart failure; G: Major coronary heart disease. MACEs: Major adverse cardiovascular events; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; MI: Myocardial infarction; CHF: Congestive heart failure; CHD: Coronary heart disease; METS-IR: Metabolic score for insulin resistance; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.
Figure 4
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 4 Subgroup and interaction analyses of the association between metabolic score for insulin resistance and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and congestive heart failure. Participants were stratified by age (< 60 years and ≥ 60 years), sex, race, cardiovascular disease history, previous hypertension, glycated hemoglobin (< 8.0% and ≥ 8.0%), and aspirin use. Non-White participants included individuals of Hispanic, Black, and other ethnic backgrounds. A: Major adverse cardiovascular events; B: Congestive heart failure. MACEs: Major adverse cardiovascular events; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; CHF: Congestive heart failure; HbA1C: Hemoglobin A1c.
Figure 5
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 5 Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for primary and secondary outcomes in patients with glycated hemoglobin < 8. 0% based on restricted cubic spline analysis. A: Major adverse cardiovascular events; B: Cardiovascular disease mortality; C: Non-fatal myocardial infarction; D: Non-fatal stroke; E: Total mortality; F: Congestive heart failure; G: Major coronary heart disease. MACEs: Major adverse cardiovascular events; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; MI: Myocardial infarction; CHF: Congestive heart failure; CHD: Coronary heart disease; METS-IR: Metabolic score for insulin resistance; CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio.
Figure 6
Open in New Tab Full Size Figure Download Figure
Figure 6 Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for primary and secondary outcomes in patients not using aspirin based on restricted cubic spline analysis. A: Major adverse cardiovascular events; B: Cardiovascular disease mortality; C: Non-fatal myocardial infarction; D: Non-fatal stroke; E: Total mortality; F: Congestive heart failure; G: Major coronary heart disease. MACEs: Major adverse cardiovascular events; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; MI: Myocardial infarction; CHF: Congestive heart failure; CHD: Coronary heart disease; METS-IR: Metabolic score for insulin resistance; CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio.