Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Diabetes. May 15, 2025; 16(5): 104787
Published online May 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.104787
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Approach to correctly diagnose youth-onset diabetes. DM: Diabetes mellitus; NDM: Neonatal diabetes mellitus; TNDM: Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus; PNDM: Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus; SU: Sulfonylurea; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis; PCOS: Polycystic ovary syndrome; MODY: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young; MIDD: Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Clinical and laboratory clues in the differential diagnosis of monogenic diabetes mellitus state at diverse life stages. DM: Diabetes mellitus; NDM: Neonatal diabetes mellitus; TNDM: Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus; PNDM: Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus; SU: Sulfonylurea; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; LADA: Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults; SU: Sulfonylurea; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 The genes that are affected in maturity-onset diabetes of the young and other monogenic forms of diabetes. K+: Potassium; Ca2+: Calcium; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; ADP: Adenosine diphosphate.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 The diagnostic algorithm for the three common variants of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; MODY: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young; BMI: Body mass index; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Figure 5
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Figure 5 An algorithm for the management of GCK-maturity-onset diabetes of the young during pregnancy. AC: Abdominal circumference; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; MODY: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young.
Figure 6
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Figure 6 Best practice methods for identifying candidates for genetic screening in the diagnosis of common forms of monogenic diabetes. T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; TNDM: Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus; PNDM: Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus; CNV: Copy number variation; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; MLPA: Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.