Insulin autoantibodies, D-dimer and microalbuminuria: A cross-sectional, case-control study of type 2 diabetes

Figure 1 LASSO regression analysis demonstrating the selection process of predictors and comparing the diagnostic performance of D-dimer and fasting insulin. A: LASSO regression analysis illustrating the coefficient paths of various predictors; B: Cross-validation plot identifying the optimal λ value; C: The receiver operating characteristic curves comparing the diagnostic performance of D-dimer and fasting insulin. Ins: Fasting serum insulin; BMI: Body mass index; HBP: High blood pressure; UA: Uric acid; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; HCY: Homocysteine; TG: Triglycerides; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin; VitB12: Vitamin B12; Folate: Folic acid; UACR: Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; WBC: White blood cell; Neutral: Neutrophil; Lymph: Lymphocyte; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; DMduration: Diabetes mellitus duration; InsDaily: Daily insulin dosage; InsDura: Insulin duration; InsHomo: Insulin homogeneity; InsAnalogs: Insulin analogs; Hypoglycemia: Episodes of low blood sugar; HbA1C: Hemoglobin A1c; GA: Glycated albumin; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; Cpep: C-peptide; ROC: Receiver operating characteristic.