Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease

Figure 1 Frequency of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody in comparison to individual autoantibodies in subjects used in this study. The frequencies of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody and individual autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) patients with type 1 diabetes were significantly higher than in AITD patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and those without diabetes. ^aP < 0.0001 vs AITD with T2D and AITD without diabetes. Ab: Autoantibodies; AITD: Autoimmune thyroid disease; T1D: Type 1 diabetes; T2D: Type 2 diabetes; 3 Screen ICA: 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody.

Figure 2 Comparison of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody titers in subjects used in this study. 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody titers in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) patients with type 1 diabetes were significantly higher than in AITD patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but were similar to those without diabetes. ^aP < 0.05 vs AITD with T2D. AITD: Autoimmune thyroid disease; T1D: Type 1 diabetes; T2D: Type 2 diabetes; 3 Screen ICA: 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody.

Figure 3 The distribution of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma-associated antigen-2, and zinc transporter 8 in 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody-positive and negative patients in each group. A: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with type 1 diabetes (T1D), B: AITD with type 2 diabetes (T2D), C: AITD without diabetes. Among the 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody (3 Screen ICA)-positive patients, there was a significantly higher proportion of individual with multiple autoantibodies in AITD with T1D compared to those without diabetes (P < 0.05). However, this proportion was similar to that in AITD patients with T2D. Furthermore, 1.3% of 3 Screen ICA-negative patients were solely positive for insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies or zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies in AITD patients with T2D and AITD patients without diabetes. 3 Screen ICA: 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody; GADA: Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies; IA-2A: Insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies; ZnT8A: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies.

Figure 4 A comparison of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody titers between patients with Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in each group. There was no significant difference in 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody titer regarding Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in any of the groups. AITD: Autoimmune thyroid disease; T1D: Type 1 diabetes; T2D: Type 2 diabetes; Graves: Graves’ disease; Hashimoto: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis; 3 Screen ICA: 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody.

Figure 5 The prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody-positive patients. A: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with type 1 diabetes (T1D), B: AITD with type 2 diabetes (T2D), C: AITD without diabetes. Among the 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody-positive patients, 12.5% of AITD patients with T1D, 20.0% of AITD patients with T2D, and 20.0% of those without diabetes were negative for glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody. AITD: Autoimmune thyroid disease.

Figure 6 Comparison 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody titer between glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody-positive and -negative patients. 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody titers were significantly higher in glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody (GADA)-positive patients than in GADA-negative patients, and there was no significant difference between multiple individual autoantibody-positive patients and patients with GADA alone. The circle, diamond, and triangle symbols indicate autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with type 1 diabetes, AITD with type 2 diabetes, and AITD without diabetes, respectively. Multiple: GADA-positive patients with insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies and/or zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies; Single: GADA single-positive ^aP < 0.005 vs GADA-negative. GADA: Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies; 3 Screen ICA: 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody.