Dietary fiber intake and its association with diabetic kidney disease in American adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the study. NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; ACR: Albumin-to-creatinine; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Figure 2 Relationship between dietary fiber intake and diabetic kidney disease according to basic features. Except for the stratification component itself, each stratification factor is adjusted for all other variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, marital status, family income, smoking status, coronary heart disease, hypertension, calorie consumption, protein consumption, duration of diabetes, insulin use, and hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, serum uric acid, and hemoglobin levels). T1: ≤ 6.4 g/1000 kcal/day; T2: 6.5-10.0 g/1000 kcal/day; T3: ≥ 10.1 g/1000 kcal/day; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin.