Diabetes and cognitive function: An evidence-based current perspective

Figure 1 Neuronal utilisation of glucose under normal resting condition. G-6-PO4: Glucose 6-phosphate; BBB: Blood brain barrier; TCA: Tricarboxylic acid; GLUT: Glucose transporter; MCT2: Monocarboxylate transporter.

Figure 2 A graphical representation of the pathobiology of cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes. TIA: Transient ischemic attack.

Figure 3 Practical approach to the management of patient with diabetes and dementia. ¹Glycaemic target according to comorbidities to avoid marked glycaemic variability, hypo- and hyperglycaemia. ²Target glucose 7-12 mmol/L ideally (but can range between 5-16 mmol/L especially while on insulin). T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; GLP-1RA: Glucagon like insulinotropic peptide-receptor agonist; DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; CV: Cardiovascular; rtCGM: Real-time continuous glucose monitoring.