Multi-omics: Opportunities for research on mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figure 1 Multi-omics verification of the mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A: Schematic diagram of multi-omics verification; B: Conceptual diagram of the Zucker diabetic fatty rat modeling process; C: Body weight (left) and blood sugar (right) before and after basic diet feeding in B; D: Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing biomarkers; E: Genomic functions of the disturbed intestinal flora; F: Overview of the complete metabolism in the two biological system; G: Protein-protein interaction network of plasma differentially expressed proteins (DEPs); H: Functional enrichment of DEPs; I: Visualization of G and H. The cross-validation of intestinal flora and the plasma proteome further emphasizes that oxidative stress, insulin resistance, energy intake and consumption imbalances, and lipid metabolism disorders play an important part in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dyslipidemia may be a major hub for the in vivo and in vitro changes in T2DM (unpublished data). The data used in the figure are our published and public data in open access journals, which are displayed after further analysis. C and G: Citation: Wang S, Lu Z, Wang Y, Zhang T, He X. Metalloproteins and apolipoprotein C: candidate plasma biomarkers of T2DM screened by comparative proteomics and lipidomics in ZDF rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17: 66. Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Springer Nature[6]. T: Zucker leptin receptor gene-deficient rats (fa/fa) treated by Purina #5008 for 3 wk; C: Basic diet-fed litter mate wild-type controls (fa/+); DEPs: Differentially expressed proteins; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.