Endothelin receptor antagonists for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Figure 1 Flow diagram showing the study selection process. RCT: Randomized controlled trial; ET-1: Endothelin-1; ET-R: Endothelin-receptors.

Figure 2 Quality assessment. A: Summary of the quality assessment of the included studies; B: Quality assessment graph. Green indicates low risk of bias, red indicates high risk of bias, yellow indicates unclear risk of bias.

Figure 3 Forest plot of comparisons of the risk ratio between experimental and control groups. A: In terms of the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)/urinary albumin ejection rate changes from baseline; B: In terms of the 40% reduction in UACR. SD: Standard deviation.

Figure 4 Forest plot of comparisons between experimental and control groups. A: In terms of the estimated glomerular filtration rate change from baseline; B: In terms of the ratio of serum creatinine doubling; C: In terms of the onset of end-stage renal. SD: Standard deviation.

Figure 5 Forest plot of comparisons between experimental and control groups. A: In terms of the changes in systolic blood pressure; B: In terms of the changes in diastolic blood pressure. SD: Standard deviation.

Figure 6 Forest plot of comparisons between experimental and control groups. A: In terms of the adverse events (AE); B: In terms of the severe AEs; C: In terms of the mortality.

Figure 7 Egger’s test figures for publication bias in change. A: Albuminuria; B: Estimated glomerular filtration rate outcomes.