Colonoscopy quality with Entonox®vs intravenous conscious sedation: 18608 colonoscopy retrospective study

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of demographic and medication variables for patients receiving different analgesia/sedation regimes

Variable	Type of analgesia/sedation
	Midazolam ± opioid	Entonox ± opioid	Unmedicated
Gender
Female (% of females)	6753 (76.0%)	1609 (18.1%)	520 (5.9%)
Male (% of males)	4613 (56.1%)	2239 (27.2%)	1373 (16.7%)
Median age/yr (IQR)	61.1 (50.7-70.1)	60.4 (50.8-69.1)	63.8 (54.3-71.4)
Median midazolam dose/mg (IQR)	2.5 (2.0-3.0)
Opioid, mcg
Number (%) given fentanyl	10255 (90.2%)	258 (6.7%)	0 (0.0%)
Number (%) given pethidine	1060 (9.3%)	27 (0.7%)	0 (0.0%)
Total number (%) given an opioid	11299 (99.4%)	284 (7.4%)	0 (0.0%)
Median fentanyl equivalent dose (IQR)	75.0 (50.0-100.0)	75.0 (50.0-100.0)

IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Moderate-to-extreme against none-mild discomfort by analgesia/sedation type

Variable1	No. with moderate-to-extreme discomfort (%)2	Odds ratio (95%CI)1	P value1
Sedation type
Midazolam ± opioid	2137 (18.8)	Reference
Entonox ± opioid	689 (17.9)	1.06 (0.95-1.18)	0.27
Unmedicated	215 (11.4)	0.71 (0.60-0.83)	< 0.001
Age		1.00 (1.00-1.01)	0.08
Gender
Female	2114 (23.9)	Reference
Male	927 (11.3)	0.40 (0.36-0.43)	< 0.001

¹The dichotomous “moderate-to-extreme”/”none-mild” discomfort dependent variable was regressed on the sedation type, age, and gender independent variables using binary logistic regression. Output is expressed as odds ratios and P values;

²This column lists the number (simple percentage) of patients with moderate-to-extreme discomfort in each sedation type and gender group.

Table 3 Caecal intubation for patients receiving different analgesia/sedation regimes

Variable1	Caecal intubation rate, n (%)2	Odds ratio (95%CI)1	P value1
Sedation type
Midazolam ± opioid	10562 (93.7)	Reference
Entonox ± opioid	3612 (94.4)	1.08 (0.92-1.28)	0.34
Unmedicated	1763 (94.2)	0.98 (0.79-1.22)	0.87
Age		0.98 (0.97-0.98)	< 0.001
Gender
Female	8159 (92.7)	Reference
Male	7778 (95.3)	1.61 (1.41-1.85)	< 0.001

¹The dichotomous caecal intubation dependent variable was regressed on the sedation type, age, and gender independent variables using binary logistic regression. Output is expressed as odds ratios and P values.

²This column lists the number (simple percentage) of patients in which caecal intubation was achieved in each sedation type and gender group.

Table 4 Polyp detection for patients receiving different analgesia/sedation regimes

Variable1	Polyp detection rate, n (%)	Odds ratio (95%CI)1	P value1
Sedation type
Midazolam ± opioid	3755 (33.1)	Reference
Entonox ± opioid	1345 (35.0)	1.01 (0.93-1.10)	0.79
Unmedicated	707 (37.4)	0.97 (0.87-1.08)	0.6
Age		1.03 (1.03-1.03)	< 0.001
Gender
Female	2454 (27.7)	Reference
Male	3353 (40.8)	1.83 (1.71-1.96)	< 0.001

¹The dichotomous polyp detection dependent variable was regressed on the sedation type, age, and gender independent variables using binary logistic regression. Output is expressed as odds ratios and P values. 2This column lists the number (simple percentage) of patients in which polyp(s) was/were detected in each sedation type and gender group.