Gastrointestinal tract access for urological natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery

Table 1 Transgastric gastrointestinal tract access urological natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery

Ref.	Access	Procedures	Model	Summary
Lima et al[8], 2007	Transgastric; transvesical	Nephrectomy (n = 6)	Porcine	Initial mild hemorrhage appropriately corrected in remaining group
Isariyawongse et al[9], 2008	Transgastric; transvaginal	Nephrectomy (n = 1)	Porcine	Successful bilateral nephrectomies achieved with both transvaginal and transgastric approaches
Sawyer et al[12], 2009	Transgastric; transuretrhal	Partial cystectomy (n = 5)	Porcine	Successful completion of pure transurethral NOTES transurethral (n = 4) and pure transgastric NOTES (n = 1)
Boylu et al[10], 2010	Transgastric; hybrid	Partial nephrectomy (n = 1)	Porcine	Use of thulium laser in successful partial nephrectomy
Fritscher-Ravens et al[11], 2008	Transgastric	Adrenalectomy (n = 10)	Porcine	A comparitave study of NOTES alone vs NOTES and endoscopic ultrasound guidance NOTES

NOTES: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.

Table 2 Transrectal gastrointestinal tract access urological natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery

Ref.	Access	Procedures	Model	Summary
Bazzi et al[13], 2011	Transrectal hybrid	Nephrectomy (n = 3)	Porcine	First report of transrectal hybridized NOTES
Bazzi et al[15], 2012	Transrectal hybrid	Nephrectomy (n = 4)	Cadaver	Successful nephrectomy in a cadaveric model with intact specimen extraction
Eyraud et al[18], 2013	Transrectal hybrid	Robot assisted nephrectomy and adrenalectomy (n = 1)	Cadaver	First investigation of robotic nephrectomy and adrenalectomy. Successful adaptation of robot to NOTES platform
Bazzi et al[17], 2013	Transrectal hybrid; Transvaginal hybrid	Partial nephrectomy (n = 10)	Porcine	No significant in access or operative times for transrectal or transvaginal approaches to partial nephrectomy
Park et al[16], 2014	Transvaginal; transrectal; Conventional laparoscopy	Nephrectomy (n = 15)	Porcine	Survival model; no difference in evidence of infection or injury at necropsy; no difference in inflammatory markers
Akça et al[19], 2015	Transrectal	Prostatectomy (n = 1)	Cadaver	Proof of principle for transrectal approach for NOTES prostatectomy

NOTES: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.