Current status of minimally invasive endoscopic management for Zenker diverticulum

Table 1 Outcome of open surgical procedures for Zenker diverticulum

Ref.	No. pts	Technique	Satisfactory outcome (%)	Overall morbidity (%)	Salivary fistula (%)
Orringer[46]	12	M, DM	85	25	8
Ellis et al[47]	10	DM	100	0	0
Konowitz et al[48]	20	DM	100	20	5
Barthlen et al[49]	43	M, DM	82	7	0
Payne et al[7]	888	D	93	30	1
Morton et al[50]	15	DM	100	40	13
Bonafede et al[51]	87	D, DM, DpM	78	24	NA
Fraczek et al[52]	37	DM, DpM	93	23	5
Van Eeden et al[53]	17	M, DM, DpM	59	6	14
Zbären et al[54]	66	DM	77	15	12
Busaba et al[55]	9	DM	100	0	0
Leporrier et al[56]	40	DM, DpM	92	10	3
Sydow et al[57]	13	M, DM, DpM	NA	27	23
Gutschow et al[58]	101	M, D, DM, DpM	98	13	13
Zaninotto et al[59]	34	DM, M	100	12	6
Colombo-Benkmann et al[60]	79	D, DM	99	4	4
Bonavina et al[3]	116	DM	94	0.8	0.8
Rizzetto et al[4]	77	DM, DpM, M	95	13	4

M: Myotomy; DM: Diverticulectomy/myotomy; D: Diverticulectomy; DpM: Diverticulopexy/myotomy; NA: Not available.

Table 2 Outcome of transoral rigid procedures for Zenker diverticulum

Ref.	No. pts	Technique	Satisfactory outcome	Overall morbidity	Salivary fistula	Conversion rate
Fremling et al[61]	6	Stapling	100%	0%	0%	0%
Peracchia et al[36]	95	Stapling	93%	1%	0%	3%
Narne et al[62]	102	Stapling	100%	0%	0%	4%
Philippsen et al[15]	14	Stapling	100%	0%	0%	21%
Cook et al[16]	74	Stapling	97%	3%	2%	8%
Lüscher et al[63]	23	Stapling	96%	1%	4%	0%
Jaramillo et al[64]	32	Stapling	80%	4%	0%	16%
Thaler et al[65]	23	Stapling	87%	0%	0%	30%
Counter et al[66]	31	Stapling	95%	10%	10%	0%
Chang et al[22]	24	CO2 laser	90%	8%	0%	0%
Fama et al[18]	25	Harmonic Scalpel	96%	12%	0%	0%
Sharp et al[19]	48	Stapling/Harmonic Scalpel	88%	12%	2%	0%
Helmstaedter et al[23]	40	CO2 laser	NA	10%	NA	NA
Wasserzug et al[67]	55	Stapling	90%	4%	2%	7%
Peretti et al[68]	28	CO2 laser	85%	7%	4%	4%
Nicholas et al[13]	7	Stapling	100%	14%	0%	0%
May et al[20]	7	Harmonic Scalpel	100%	0%	0%	0%
Bonavina et al[14]	91	Stapling	80.8%	5%	1%	13.2%
Adam et al[69]	128	Stapling/CO2 laser	NA	4.6%	0%	NA

NA: Not available.

Table 3 Outcome of transoral flexible procedures for Zenker diverticulum

Ref.	No. pts	Incision device	Accessories	Satisfactory outcome	Overall morbidity	Salivary fistula
Mulder et al[25]	20	Coagulation	Forceps	NA	0%	0%
Ishioka et al[24]	42	Needle Knife	Mix	93%	1%	2%
Hashiba et al[70]	47	Needle Knife	Mix	96%	2%	13%
Mulder[71]	125	Argon Plasma	None	100%	2%	15%
Sakai et al[28]	10	Needle Knife	Hood	100%	1%	0%
Costamagna et al[31]	28	Needle Knife	Cap	43%	14%	18%
Rabenstein et al[72]	41	Argon Plasma	Cap	95%	0%	3%
Christiaens et al[32]	21	Monopolar forceps	Hood	100%	0%	5%
Vogelsang et al[34]	31	Needle Knife	Cap	84%	3%	23%
Tang et al[35]	6	Needle Knife	Hood/Endoclips	100%	0%	0%
Case et al[73]	22	Needle Knife	Cap	100%	32%	27%
Repici et al[29]	32	Hook knife	None	88%	6%	3%
Al-Kadi et al[74]	18	Needle Knife	None	78%	12%	6%
Hondo et al[33]	6	Harmonic scalpel	Soft diverticuloscope	100%	0%	0%