Cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy for hemorrhoids: Methods, feasibility and efficacy

Table 1 Patient demographics and clinical results

Patient demographics	n (%)
Total included cases	30
Classification of internal hemorrhoids
Grade I	7 (23.33)
Grade II	21 (70.0)
Grade III	2 (6.67)
Grade IV	0
Male	22 (73.33)
Age (mean ± SD)	45.5 ± 4.2
With hemorrhoidectomy history	6 (20.0)
With rectal mucosal prolapse	4 (13.33)
With polyps on hemorrhoid lesions	1 (3.33)
With external hemorrhoids	0
Colon and terminal ileum examination before CAES	30 (100)
Polypectomy during colonoscopy before CAES	7 (23.33)
Excision of anal papilla fibroma after CAES	1 (3.33)
Biopsy for the polyps on hemorrhoids before CAES	1 (3.33)
Complications during and post-CAES	0
Post-CAES rectal bleeding	0
Post-CAES rectal mild pain or tenesmus	1 (3.33)
Positive satisfaction on CAES	30 (100)

Data are frequency counts (percentage of total) or the mean ± SD. CAES: Cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy.