Optimization of the generator settings for endobiliary radiofrequency ablation

Table 1 Outcomes of endobiliary radiofrequency ablation in the liver parenchyma

Effect	Power (W)	Time (s)	Maximal extent of tissue necrosis mean ± SD (depth inμm)
4	20	90	3950 ± 71a
4	40	90	3385 ± 21a
6	10	90	2850 ± 212a
6	20	90	3850 ± 71a
8	4	90	2850
8	6	90	3200
8	8	90	4480
8	10	15	1620
8	10	30	1720
8	10	60	2500
8	10	90	3578 ± 698b

^aMean ± SD (n = 2);

^bMean ± SD (n = 4).

Table 2 Outcomes of endobiliary radiofrequency ablation in the main bile duct and ampulla of Vater

Effectsetting	Power output (W)	Shot duration (s)	Shot location	Depth of tissue injury (μm)	Observations
4	20	90	Bile duct	2700	Transmural necrosis
6	10	90	Bile duct	2600	Transmural necrosis
8	10	90	Ampulla	2810	Extensive necrosis of the papilla, involving pancreas and adipose tissue
8	10	30	Ampulla	1530	Deep coagulation, necrosis of the duodenal wall. No significant pancreatic injury
8	6	60	Bile duct	1420	Deep transmural coagulation, involving peribiliary adipose tissue
8	8	30	Bile duct	1075 ± 4171	Coagulation involving almost the entire duct wall
8	6	30	Ampulla	350	Superficial coagulation, moderate duodenal lesion

¹Mean ± SD, 2 measurements have been performed.