Cyanoacrylate spray as treatment in difficult-to-manage gastrointestinal bleeding

Table 1 Patients included in previous reports on cyanoacrylate spray use

Ref.	Sex/age (yr)	Cause of bleeding	Prior therapy	Glue mixture	Glue volume	Treatment (n)	Outcome	Follow-up
Walia et al[8]	F, 89	2 cm ulcer in duodenal bulb	20 mL of epinephrine solution (1:10000) + bipolar cautery and hemoclips	n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate/ normal saline	4 mL	1	Successful hemostasis	No rebleeding
	M, 40	3 cm posterior duodenal bulb ulcer with arterial spurting	Epinephrine injection and hemoclip	n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate/ normal saline	0.5 mL	1	Hemodynamic parameters stabilized	Prophylactic angiographic embolization
	M, 55	2 cm duodenal bulb ulcer with arterial spurting	4 mL of epinephrine injection and bipolar cautery	n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate/ normal saline	1 mL	1	Recurrent hematochezia 2 d after procedure	Died 31 d later due to uncontrolled sepsis
	M, 69	Oozing gastric vascular ectasia along the lesser curvature	Argon plasma coagulation and hemoclips	n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate/ normal saline	1 mL	1	Hemostasis	Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding 18 d later from vascular ectasia in a different location
	M, 59	Active oozing underneath hemoclip applied after hot snare polypectomy of 1.5 cm rectal polyp	hemoclips	n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate/ normal saline	0.5 mL	1	Hemostasis achieved	No rebleeding
Prachayakul et al[6]	M, 84	5 cm gastric cancer at lesser curvature with oozing	Epinephrine injection (1:20000)	En/Lip 0.5:0.8 + sterile water	3.0 mL	1	Hemostasis achieved	No rebleeding at 9 wk
	F, 76	5 cm sessile polyp in the ascending colon with oozing	Epinephrine injection (1:20000)	En/Lip 0.5:0.8 + sterile water	2.0 mL	1	Hemostasis achieved	No rebleeding at 5 wk, patient died
	M, 15	Metastasizing germinoma with duodenal invasion	Epinephrine injection (1:20000)	En/Lip 0.5:0.8 + sterile water	1.0 mL	1	Rebleeding at 48 h, and required angio-embolization	Continues to bleed, patient alive
	M, 56	Pancreatic cancer with gastric invasion (6 cm ulcerating mass with oozing in the upper part of the lesser curvature)	Metallic clip	En/Lip 0.5:0.8 + sterile water	1.0 mL	1	Hemostasis achieved	No rebleeding at 6 wk
	F, 62	Ampullary carcinoma with invasion to the second portion of duodenum	Epinephrine injection (1:20000) Argon plasma Failed embolization	En/Lip 0.5:0.8 + sterile water	1.5 mL	1	Hemostasis achieved	No rebleeding at 9 wk, patient died
Shida et al[7]	-	Pancreatic cancer with invasion into intestinal wall	No data	n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate/ normal saline	0.5 mL	No data	Hemostasis achieved	No data
	-	Gall bladder cancer with invasion into intestinal wall	No data	n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate/ normal saline	0.5 mL	No data	Hemostasis achieved	No data
	-	Mucosal resection in sigmoid colon	No data	n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate/ normal saline	0.5 mL	No data	Hemostasis achieved	No data
	-	Duodenal ulcer	No data	n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate/ normal saline	0.5 mL	No data	Hemostasis achieved	No data

En/Lip: Enbucrilate/lipidol.