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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Aug 16, 2014; 6(8): 352-358
Published online Aug 16, 2014. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v6.i8.352
Published online Aug 16, 2014. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v6.i8.352
Table 1 Baseline characteristics and laboratory data
All patients (n = 20) | Age 18-21 (n = 7) | Age 22-29 (n = 8) | Age≥30 (n = 5) | |
Age (yr) | 26.4 (6.18) | 20.1 (1.21) | 26.5 (2.26) | 35 (3.08) |
Race (Caucasian/African American/other) | 5/6/9 | 0/2/5 | 2/3/3 | 3/1/1 |
Parity | 2.25 (1.16) | 1.42 (0.78) | 3 (0.92) | 2.2 (1.3) |
Past medical history | ||||
Hypertension | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Hypothyroidism | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
History of latent tuberculosis | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Depression | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Asthma | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Coagulopathy | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Prior hepatitis B infection | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Reflux disease | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
History of gallbladder disease | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
White blood cell (4.0-11.0 x 109/L) | 8.6 (2.28) | 8.42 (2.54) | 9.61 (2.53) | 7.54 (1) |
Hemoglobin (11.7-16 g/L) | 12 (1.29) | 11.9 (0.88) | 11.8 (1.93) | 12.32 (0.23) |
Platelet count (150-440 x 109/L) | 261.1 (62.63) | 263.1 (62.6) | 255 (75.9) | 267.2 (50.32) |
AST (20-30 units/L) | 163 (111.38) | 127.4 (100.3) | 162.1 (129.8) | 214.2 (93.8) |
ALT (5-32 units/L) | 213.5 (214) | 183.4 (165.3) | 228.8 (299.7) | 231 (135.5) |
Total bilirubin (0.1-1.1 mg/dL) | 2.6 (1.9) | 2.84 (2.37) | 2.36 (1.68) | 2.64 (1.99) |
Alkaline phosphatase (16-100 units/L) | 189.1 (96) | 162.8 (39.2) | 223 (142.2) | 171.6 (47.36) |
Lipase (4-57 units/L) | 1105 (1736.5) | 519.7 (1258) | 1669 (2104) | 1025 (1719.2) |
Table 2 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography indications, outcomes, and complications
All patients (n = 20) | Age 18-21 (n = 7) | Age 22-29 (n = 8) | Age≥30 (n = 5) | |
Trimester | 2 (0.77) | 2.14 (0.89) | 2 (0.92) | 1.8 (0.44) |
Indication for ERCP | ||||
Common bile duct stone | 17 | 5 | 8 | 4 |
Gallstone pancreatitis | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Cholangitis | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Protective shielding stated in note | 8 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
Anesthesia | ||||
Midazolam | 17 | 6 | 7 | 4 |
Fentanyl | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
Propofol | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Meperidine | 13 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
Fluoroscopy dose/min | 3.8 (5.5) | 6.5 (8.5) | 2.2 (2.8) | 2.7 (3.0) |
Spot radiographs | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Sphincterotomy | 18 | 5 | 8 | 5 |
Stenting | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
2 ≥ stones removed | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Post ERCP antibiotic | ||||
Piperacillin/tazobactam | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Post-ERCP complications | ||||
Pancreatitis | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Oversedation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Perforation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cholangitis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Contrast dye reaction | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bleeding | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Cholecystectomy | ||||
Prior history of receiving | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Post ERCP | 11 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
Table 3 Pregnancy outcomes
All patients (n = 16) | Age 18-21 (n = 6) | Age 22-29 (n = 6) | Age≥30 (n = 4) | |
Term pregnancy | 15 | 6 | 6 | 3 |
Caesarean section | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
5 min Apgar score | 8.77 (0.73) | 9 (0) | 9 (0) | 8 (1.4) |
Birth weight in grams | 2638 (1227) | 3200 (472) | 3297 (408.8) | 2838 (883) |
Fetal malformations | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Citation: Fine S, Beirne J, Delgi-Esposti S, Habr F. Continued evidence for safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during pregnancy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 6(8): 352-358
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v6/i8/352.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v6.i8.352