Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation after sphincterotomy for difficult choledocholithiasis: A case-controlled study

Table 1 Population baseline characteristics

Characteristics	EST+EPLBD	EST	P value
n	68 (61.3%)	43 (38.7%)
Age (yr)	70.8 ± 13.4	72.8 ± 12.4	NS
Female gender	45 (66.2%)	28 (65.1%)	NS
Multiple lithiasis	48 (70.6%)	21 (48.8%)	0.005
Largest stone diameter (mm)	16.8 ± 4.4 (12-30)	16.0 ± 6.7 (10-30)	NS
Bile duct diameter (mm)	17.1 ± 3.4 (8-35)	16.4 ± 7.2 (8-30)	NS
Presence of biliary stricture	4 (5.9%)	2 (4.7%)	NS
Balloon dilation diameter (mm)
12	10 (14.7%)
13.5	17 (25.0%)
15	33 (48.6%)
16.5	2 (2.9%)
18	6 (8.8%)

EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPLBD: Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation; NS: Not significantly.

Table 2 Efficacy outcomes

Efficacy outcomes	EST+EPLBD	EST	P value
Complete stone removal	65 (95%)	30 (70%)	< 0.001
Complete stone removal in single session	56 (82.4%)	19 (44.2%)	< 0.001
Number of ERCP until complete stone removal	1.1 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 1.1	< 0.001
Mechanical lithotripsy	10 (14.7%)	16 (37.2%)	0.007
Extracorporeal lithotripsy	0	8 (18.6%)	< 0.001
Plastic biliary stenting	12 (17.6%)	26 (60.5%)	< 0.001
Failure	3 (4.4%)	13 (30.2%)	< 0.001

EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPLBD: Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography.