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Copyright ©2011 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Feb 16, 2011; 3(2): 34-39
Published online Feb 16, 2011. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v3.i2.34
Table 1 American society of anesthesiologists physical status classification system
ASA PSHealth statusComments-examples
1Normal healthy patientNo organic, physiological or psychiatric disturbance; excludes the very young and very old; healthy with good exercise tolerance
2Patients with mild systemic diseaseNo functional limitations; has a well-controlled disease of one body system; controlled hypertension or diabetes without systemic effects, cigarette smoking without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); mild obesity, pregnancy
3Patients with severe systemic diseaseSome functional limitation; has a controlled disease of more than one body system or one major system; no immediate danger of death; controlled congestive heart failure (CHF), stable angina, old heart attack, poorly controlled hypertension, morbid obesity, chronic renal failure; bronchospastic disease with intermittent symptoms
4Patients with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to lifeHas at least one severe disease that is poorly controlled or at end stage; possible risk of death; unstable angina, symptomatic COPD, symptomatic CHF, hepatorenal failure
5Moribund patients who are not expected to survive without the operationNot expected to survive > 24 h without surgery; imminent risk of death; multiorgan failure, sepsis syndrome with hemodynamic instability, hypothermia, poorly controlled coagulopathy
6A declared brain-dead patient who organs are being removed for donor purposes