Transoral surgery for morbid obesity

Table 1 Summary of developmental phase of transoral procedures

	Endoluminal vertical gastroplasty	Transoral gastroplasty system	Transoral endoscopic restrictive implant system	Duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve	Stomaphyx
Phase of development	Phase II	Phase II	Phase I	Phase II/III	Phase III
	Non-randomized multicenter feasibility studies	Non-randomized multicenter validation trials	Trial still underway-report on first patient
Patients/trials	n = 82 in 2 trials	n = 32 in 2 trials	n = 20 in 1 trial	n = 37 in 2 trials	n = 39 in 1 trial
	n = 64[28]	n = 21[31]		n = 12[33]
	n = 18[29]	n = 11[30]		n = 25[34]
Short term morbidity	Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain	Nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, transient dysphagia	Not reported	Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain	Sore throat, epigastric pain
Long term morbidity	Disruption of suture lines (n = 3/64[28])	Staple line gaps (n = 13/21[31])	Not reported	Tissue inflammation at site of anchor	None
		Incomplete distal sleeves (n = 3/21[31])
Mortality	None	None	None	None	None
Average length of procedure	45 min[28]	160 min[31]	195 min	41 min[33]	35 min
	125 min[29]	84 min[30]		39 min[34]
Tested in randomized trials	No	No	No	Yes[34]	Yes
%EWL			Not reported
1 mo	21.1[28]	16.2[31]; 19.2[30]		16.0[33]; 15.0[34]	10.6
3 mo	39.6[28]	22.6[31]; 33.7[30]	21.0	24.0[33]; 21.0[34]	13.1
6 mo	Not reported	24.4[31]; 46.0[30]	26.0	Not reported	17.0
12 mo	58.1 (n = 59/64)[28]	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	19.5

%EWL: Percentage excess weight loss.