Non-invasive monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease using intestinal ultrasound

Table 1 Statistical analysis using the Pearson correlation test

Category	Measurement	Crohn’s disease (n = 67)	Ulcerative colitis (n = 34)
Baseline characteristics	Gender	Male: 45%; Female: 55%	Male: 50%; Female: 50%
	Age (years), mean ± SD	35.4 ± 12.7	40.2 ± 14.5
	BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	23.1 ± 3.5	24.0 ± 4.1
	Disease duration, median (IQR), year	7 (3-12)	5 (2-10)
	Smoking status	Smokers: 30%; Non-smokers: 70%	Smokers: 20%; Non-smokers: 80%
	Medication use	Biologics: 60%; Immunomodulators: 40%	Biologics: 50%; Immunomodulators: 50%
	Disease location	Ileum: 45%; Colon: 35%; Ileocolon: 20%	Left-sided: 60%; Pancolitis: 40%
IUS and endoscopy inflammation signs	IUS inflammation vs endoscopic inflammation	P: 0.004; R: 0.851 (0.70-0.94); N: 56, 83%	P: 0.007; R: 0.842 (0.78-0.96); N: 24, 72%
	Limberg endoscopic score > 2 and deep ulcers	P: 0.079	P: 0.089
IUS inflammation and clinical scores	Intestinal BWT vs HBI score > 4 (CD). Intestinal BWT vs Mayo score > 7 (UC)	P: 0.6; R: 0.18 (0.02-0.35); N: 56, 83%	P: 0.27; R: 0.230 (0.117-0.527); N: 23, 70%
IUS and endoscopic remission	Endoscopic remission vs IUS remission	P: 0.03; R: 0.656 (0.47-0.87); N: 9, 13%	P: 0.04; R: 0.62 (0.44-0.71); N: 6, 19%
IUS and endoscopic location	Same location in endoscopy and IUS	P: 0.04; R: 0.53 (0.31-0.65); N: 48, 71%	P: 0.035; R: 0.647 (0.434-0.772); N: 25, 76%
Collection in IUS and CT scan	Collection in IUS vs collection in CT scan	P: < 0.01; R: 0.835 (0.699-0.969); N: 6, 9%	P: < 0.01; R: 0.835 (0.699-0.969); N: 10, 14%
Bowel thickness and endoscopic scores	BWT > 7 mm vs CDEIS > 15 (CD). BWT > 7 mm vs UCEIS > 6 (UC)	P: 0.053; R: 0.452 (0.2-0.61); N: 22, 47%	P: 0.008; R: 0.87 (0.759-0.94); N: 16, 47%
Inflammatory activity in IUS and histology	Inflammatory activity in IUS vs histology	P: 0.012; R: 0.72 (0.68-0.84); N: 53, 87%	P: 0.21; R: 0.25 (0.13-0.317); N: 24, 72%
Detailed IUS and endoscopic findings	Bowel wall thickness, mean ± SD	5.4 ± 1.2 mm	4.8 ± 1.1 mm
	Vascularity (Doppler)	Increased: 65%; Normal: 35%	Increased: 55%; Normal: 45%
	Mucosal ulceration	Present: 40%; Absent: 60%	Present: 35%; Absent: 65%
	Stratification loss	Present: 30%; Absent: 70%	Present: 25%; Absent: 75%
	Fistulas/abscesses	Present: 15%; Absent: 85%	Present: 10%; Absent: 90%

BMI: Body mass index; IQR: Interquartile range; IUS: Intestinal ultrasound; BWT: Bowel wall thickness; HBI: Harvey-Bradshaw index; CD: Crohn’s disease; US: Ulcerative colitis; CT: Computed tomography; CDEIS: Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity; UCEIS: Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity.