Endoscopic “calabash” ligation and resection for small gastric mesenchymal tumors

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two groups

Characteristic		Control group (n = 260)	Study group (n = 260)	P value
Gender	Male/female	95/165	99/161	0.717
Age (years)		53.01 ± 10.37	52.23 ± 11.92	0.428
Tumor location	Gastric fundus/gastric body	143/117	146/114	0.791
Tumor long diameter		6.72 ± 2.22	6.53 ± 2.16	0.320
Tumor growth pattern	Endoluminal/partially exophytic	253/7	253/7	> 0.999
Tumor pathological type	Leiomyoma	161	139	0.062
	Schwannoma	0	1	> 0.999
	Gastrointestinal stromal tumor	99	120	0.076
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor risk stratification	Very low risk	98	120	0.452
	Low risk	1	0
	Intermediate risk	0	0
	High risk	0	0

Table 2 Comparison of treatment results and complications between the two groups, n (%)

		Control group (n = 260)	Study group (n = 260)	P value
Endoscopic treatment outcomes	Complete resection (cases)	260	260	> 0.999
	Incomplete resection (cases)	0	0	> 0.999
Intraoperative complications	Intraoperative bleeding (cases)	0	0	> 0.999
	Intraoperative perforation (cases)	28 (3.08)	3 (1.15)	< 0.001
	Intraoperative endoscopic examination failure and conversion to open surgery (cases)	0	0	> 0.999
Postoperative complications	Postoperative abdominal pain score (points)	0.25 ± 0.56	0.16 ± 0.43	0.029
	Postoperative delayed bleeding (cases)	1 (0.38)	0 (0)	> 0.999
	Average volume of red blood cell suspension transfused (U)	2	0	0.318
	Postoperative delayed perforation (cases)	0	0 (0)	> 0.999
	Postoperative abdominal infection (cases)	1 (0.38)	0 (0)	> 0.999
	Postoperative respiratory tract infection (cases)	3 (1.15)	1 (0.38)	0.624
	Postoperative electrocoagulation syndrome (cases)	8 (3.08)	1 (0.38)	0.037

Table 3 Comparison of treatment outcomes between the two groups

	Control group (n = 260)	Study group (n = 260)	P value
Operative time (min)	54.00 ± 9.47	33.49 ± 8.46	< 0.001
Length of hospital stay (d)	5.04 ± 1.46	5.24 ± 1.45	0.117
Hospitalization expenses (RMB)	16111.40 ± 3709.71	14435.25 ± 3458.43	< 0.001
Materials expenses (RMB)	4115.81 ± 1486.70	3571.96 ± 1507.32	< 0.001

Table 4 Comparison of follow-up results between the two groups

	Control group (n = 260)	Study group (n = 260)	P value
Mean postoperative follow-up time (mo)	3.51 ± 4.26	3.23 ± 4.07	0.457
Postoperative recurrence (cases)	0	0	> 0.999
Postoperative metastasis (cases)	0	0	> 0.999
Postoperative death (cases)	0	0	> 0.999