Clinical Trials Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jan 16, 2024; 16(1): 18-28
Published online Jan 16, 2024. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v16.i1.18
Table 1 Demographics of the study patients, n (%)
Characteristics
Group 11, n = 148
Group 22, n = 156
P value
Age in yr65.76 ± 7.84366.99 ± 9.3370.377
Male sex 100 (67.6)105 (67.3)0.961
Lifestyle habits
  Current smoking30 (20.3)33 (21.2)0.849
  Smoking history63 (42.6)66 (42.3)0.963
  Current drinking34 (23.0)35 (22.4)0.911
  Drinking history40 (27.0)41 (26.3)0.883
History of abdominopelvic surgery41 (27.9)56 (36.1)0.125
Comorbidity
  Constipation19 (12.8)25 (16.0)0.430
  Drugs for constipation7 (4.7)10 (6.4)0.524
  Diabetes64 (43.2)74 (47.4)0.463
  Hypertension86 (58.1)89 (57.4)0.903
  Chronic heart failure2 (1.4)4 (2.6)0.728
  Coronary heart disease19 (12.8)34 (21.8)0.040
  Chronic kidney disease (≥ stage 2)99 (66.8)89 (57.0)0.280
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease6 (4.1)8 (5.1)0.655
Nutritional status
  BMI in kg/m224.325 ± 3.04924.569 ± 2.9360.718
  Hemoglobin in g/L135.91 ± 15.903135.30 ± 15.9060.675
  Albumin in g/L39.542 ± 3.089539.469 ± 3.78270.710
Interval between last dose of laxatives and colonoscopy in h4.71 ± 1.2484.26 ± 1.3150.003
1Group 1: 30 mL of lactulose on the day before the colonoscopy, three meals with a low-residue liquid diet, and 2 L of water mixed with polyethylene glycol on the colonoscopy day.
2Group 2: Regular diet for breakfast and lunch, fasting or a low-residue liquid diet for dinner, and 2 L of water mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the day before the colonoscopy; 2 L of water mixed with PEG on the colonoscopy day.
Data are mean ± SD or n (%). BMI: Body mass index.
Table 2 Comparison of the degree of cleansing of the bowel preparation regimens and colonoscopy findings between groups 1 and 2, n (%)
Variables
Group 11
Group 22
P value
Intention-to-treat analysisn = 148n = 156N/A
    Right BBPS score ≥ 2112 (75.7)116 (74.4)0.791
    Transverse BBPS score ≥ 2145 (98.0)149 (95.5)0.379
    Left BBPS score ≥ 2148 (100.0)155 (99.4)0.247
    Global BBPS score ≥ 6135 (91.2)142 (91.0)0.953
    Mean BBPS in the right colon 1.92 ± 0.6341.92 ± 0.7270.861
    Mean BBPS in the transverse colon 2.73 ± 0.4892.68 ± 0.5560.539
    Mean BBPS in the left colon2.64 ± 0.4832.58 ± 0.5070.395
    Mean BBPS in the whole colon7.28 ± 1.1677.18 ± 1.3460.676
    Polyp detection rate108 (73.0)104 (66.7)0.232
    Adenoma detection rate84 (56.8)73 (46.8)0.082
    Tumor detection rate6 (4.1)5 (3.2)0.684
Per-protocol analysisn = 146n = 155N/A
    Right BBPS score ≥ 2112 (76.7)116 (74.8)0.705
    Transverse BBPS score ≥ 2143 (97.9)148 (95.5)0.234
    Left BBPS score ≥ 2146 (100.0)154 (99.4)0.331
    Global BBPS score ≥ 6134 (91.8)141 (91.0)0.802
    Mean BBPS in the right colon1.93 ± 0.6291.92 ± 0.7260.924
    Mean BBPS in the transverse colon 2.73 ± 0.4882.68 ± 0.5550.556
    Mean BBPS in the left colon2.64 ± 0.4832.58 ± 0.5080.354
    Mean BBPS in the whole colon7.30 ± 1.1597.19 ± 1.3470.639
    Polyp detection rate106 (72.6)103 (66.5)0.247
    Adenoma detection rate83 (56.8)72 (46.5)0.071
    Tumor detection rate6 (4.1)5 (3.2)0.674
1Group 1: 30 mL of lactulose on the day before the colonoscopy, three meals with a low-residue liquid diet, and 2 L of water mixed with polyethylene glycol on the colonoscopy day.
2Group 2: Regular diet for breakfast and lunch, fasting or a low-residue liquid diet for dinner, and 2 L of water mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the day before the colonoscopy; 2 L of water mixed with PEG on the colonoscopy day.
Data are mean ± SD or n (%). BBPS: Boston bowel preparation scale; N/A: Not applicable.
Table 3 Demographics and bowel preparation efficiency in patients ≥ 75 years in age in groups 1 and 2, n (%)
Characteristics
Group 11, n = 22
Group 22, n = 33
P value
Age in yr79.36 ± 4.2281.03 ± 4.190.149
Male sex15 (68.2)25 (75.8)0.537
History of abdominopelvic surgery8 (36.4)15 (45.5)0.503
Comorbidity
  Constipation6 (27.3)8 (24.2)0.800
  Drugs for constipation2 (9.1)3 (9.1)1.000
  Diabetes12 (54.5)14 (42.4)0.378
  Hypertension17 (77.3)24 (72.7)0.848
Nutritional status
  BMI in kg/m224.16 ± 2.8824.29 ± 2.530.542
  Hemoglobin in g/L128.50 ± 15.88125.12 ± 16.390.203
  Albumin in g/L38.60 ± 4.0537.88 ± 4.190.600
Bowel preparation efficiency
  Right BBPS score ≥ 216 (72.7)27 (81.8)0.641
  Transverse BBPS score ≥ 222 (100.0)32 (97.0)1.000
  Left BBPS score ≥ 222 (100.0)33 (100.0)N/A
  Global BBPS score ≥ 620 (90.9)32 (97.0)0.716
Data are mean ± SD or n (%).
1Group 1: 30 mL of lactulose on the day before the colonoscopy, three meals with a low-residue liquid diet, and 2 L of water mixed with polyethylene glycol on the colonoscopy day.
2Group 2: Regular diet for breakfast and lunch, fasting or a low-residue liquid diet for dinner, and 2 L of water mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the day before the colonoscopy; 2 L of water mixed with PEG on the colonoscopy day. BBPS: Boston bowel preparation scale. BMI: Body mass index; N/A: Not available.
Table 4 Comparison of degree of comfort between groups 1 and 2
Variable
Group 11, n = 60
Group 22, n = 82
P value
Comfort score8.85 ± 1.1627.59 ± 1.735< 0.001
Sleep duration in h6.86 ± 1.2045.80 ± 1.730< 0.001
Number of awakenings 1.42 ± 1.1832.04 ± 1.8350.026
Incontinence (%)4 (6.7)11 (13.4)0.196
Data are mean ± SD or n (%).
1Group 1: 30 mL of lactulose on the day before the colonoscopy, three meals with a low-residue liquid diet, and 2 L of water mixed with polyethylene glycol on the colonoscopy day.
2Group 2: Regular diet for breakfast and lunch, fasting or a low-residue liquid diet for dinner, and 2 L of water mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the day before the colonoscopy; 2 L of water mixed with PEG on the colonoscopy day.
Table 5 Comparison of laboratory test results before and after bowel preparation between groups 1 and 2
Variables, before and after bowel preparation
Group 11, n = 51
Group 22, n = 53
P value
Serum potassium in mmol/L0.277 ± 0.2880.275 ± 0.3430.809
Serum sodium in mmol/L1.804 ± 2.4981.566 ± 2.5080.878
Serum calcium in mmol/L0.015 ± 0.1170.018 ± 0.0990.435
Serum creatinine in µmol/L1.678 ± 6.1103.832 ± 6.8050.093
Plasma BNP in pg/mL3.851 ± 30.2648.0417 ± 64.9870.216
Data are mean ± SD. BNP: B-type brain natriuretic peptide.
1Group 1: 30 mL of lactulose on the day before the colonoscopy, three meals with a low-residue liquid diet, and 2 L of water mixed with polyethylene glycol on the colonoscopy day.
2Group 2: Regular diet for breakfast and lunch fasting or a low-residue liquid diet for dinner, and 2 L of water mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the day before the colonoscopy; 2 L of water mixed with PEG on the colonoscopy day.